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被动语态用法详解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday..2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。..Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccidentyesterday.4汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao5某些句子习惯上用被动语态。HewasborninOctober,1988.Note:1.用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态.WorldWarIItookplaceinEurope.(right)WorldWarIIwastakenplaceinEurope.(wrong)2.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态.HetaughthimselfEnglish.(right)HimselfwastaughtEnglishbyhim.(wrong)1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(注意代词的格的转换）。2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构；（注意人称，数，时态的一致）。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。（①by短语可以省。②by短语后跟代词的宾格。）bytheteacher..Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.Heisaskedquestions•歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。•主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.----Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.-----Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.1TheyplayfootballonSunday.2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.4WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.注意：1被动句中的谓语动词的单复数和被动句中的主语一致2被动句的时态要和主动句一致3(注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格）4（by+宾格）//其他成分照抄不变常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．bythemlastterm.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswerebought3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：willbe+过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewatershouldbedrunkbyyou.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being＋过去分词1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.HeiswatchingTV.TVisbeingwatchedbyhim.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has＋been＋过去分词1.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．byus.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmade2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：将来完成时：过去将来完成时：［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedoneshould/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+doneshall/will+havebeen+doneshould/would+havebeen+done(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.(3)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(4)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.(5)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(6)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.7)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(8)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.9)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(10)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(11)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.12)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.13)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.14)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.如：1.Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.（以I做主语）AbookwasgiventomebyTom.（以物book作主语）2.HeteachesusEnglish.－WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.（以人当主语）－Englishistaughttousbyhim.（以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,lend,tell,sellfor:buy,draw,sing,get,choose,cook以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。Heshowedusapicture.Wewereshownapicturebyhim.2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.ApicturewasshowntousbyTom.Adictionarywasboughtformebymyparents.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.keep,make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语(形容词，不定式，Ving形式。。。），在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变（照抄）。1Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.主谓宾宾补ourclaasroommustbekeptcleanbyus.我们