中考英语语法第十八讲--非谓语动词

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12非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词特殊动词的搭配动词不定式与介词to词组总结现在分词与过去分词34非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。例:Helikestoreadthenovel.例:Heenjoyedtravelingaroundworld.例:JohnmadeTomgowithhim.解析:英语的单句中,可能有两个动词,动词2根据动词1的而变化。而我们看到的动词2,及(todo,doing,done等形式,就是非谓语动词)•5•单句中的动词1与动词2,•动词1是谓语,有各种时态、语态、语气的变化•动词2根据动词1而变化•例:Hewantedtodothat•Iamenjoyingseeingthefilm•Letusgo!6非谓语动词的种类1.不定式todo有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词doing表示主动或进行的意义.4.过去分词done表示被动或完成的意义.789v..todoVving只加不带totodo,doing意思相同绝大部分动词是此形式详见第9篇Let/makesbdo…begin/start/liketodo,doing意思不同do或doing详见10---17篇see,watch,observe,notice等详见18篇10只加ving的词•Avoid避免;consider考虑;delay拖延;deny否认;dislike不喜欢;enjoy欣赏;excuse原谅;fancy幻想;forgive原谅;finish完成;imagine设想;keep保持;mind介意;pardon原谅;prevent阻止;practise练习;resist坚持;risk冒险;suggest建议;understand理解--11动名词与不定式语义不同1.stoptodo2.forgettodo3.remembertodo4.regrettodo5.ceasetodo6.trytodo7.goontodo8.Beafraidtodo9.meantodo1.stopdoing2.forgetdoing3.rememberdoing4.regretdoing5.ceasedoing6.trydoing7.goondoing8.Beafraiddoing9.meandoing12•1)stopdoing/todo•stoptodo停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。•stopdoing停止做某事。•Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。•Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。•典型例题•Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.•A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest•答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stopdoingsth.不正确。13•2)forgetdoing/todo•forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)•forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)•Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.•办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)•Heforgotturningthelightoff.•他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)•典型例题•----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.•----Oh,Iforgot___.•A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff•答案:C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。14•3)rememberdoing/todo••remembertodo记得去做某事(未做)•rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)•Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.•记着放学后去趟邮局。•Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?•你不记得以前见过那个人吗?15•4)regretdoing/todo•regrettodo对要做的事遗憾。(未做)•regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)•Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.•我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。•Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.•我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。•典型例题•---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.•---Well,nowIregret___that.•todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone•答案:D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。16•5)ceasedoing/todo•ceasetodo长时间,甚至永远停做某事。•ceasedoing短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。•Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.•那个部门已不复存在。•Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.•姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。•6)trydoing/todo•trytodo努力,企图做某事。•trydoing试验,试着做某事。•Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。•Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。17•7)goondoing/todo•goontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。•goondoing继续做原来做的事。•Afterhehadfinishedhismaths,hewentontodohisphysics.•做完数学后,他接着去做物理。•8)beafraiddoing/todo•beafraidtodo不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为怕;•beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的,意为“生怕,恐怕”。•Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。•Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。•Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。18•9)meantodoing/todo•meantodo打算、想•meandoing意味着•Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.•我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。•Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.•赠加工资意味着增加购买力。19•感官动词+doing/todo•感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性•Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.•昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)•Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.•昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调我见他正干活这个动作)•典型例题•1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.•A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow•答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用seesbdosth的句型。•2)Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.•A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay•答案A.本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用seesb.doingsth句型。2021动词+todo动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan,learn,wouldlike,can’twait(迫不及待)can’tafford(负担不起)等Idon’tknowwhattodo.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?Ican’tdecidewhichtochoose.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ithinkitnecessarytodrinkthewater.用法:作宾语22一些省略to的句型(1)Whynot+动词原形(2)Whydon’tyou+动词原形(3)You’dbetter+动词原形(4)You’dbetternot+动词原形(5)Willyouplease+动词原形(6)Willyoupleasenot+动词原形(7)sbdonothingbut(只是,只不过)例:Theydidnnothingbutcomplain23常见固定搭配1.too…todoThedeskistooheavytocarry.2.be+adj+enoughtodoTheroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.3.It’stimetodosth或It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetohavearest.4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.5.be+adj(glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后)+todosth.(1)I’msorrytotroubleyou.24介词+doinglookforwardtodoingsth.(盼望)payattentiontodoingsth.(注意)beusedtodoingsth.(习惯于)preferdoingsthtodoingsth.(更喜欢)devotetodoingsth(致力于)makeacontributiontodoing(做贡献)2526分词分为现在分词和过去分词。分词4区别:现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。Thehousebuiltlastyearhasbecomeourlab.去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。127现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示完成的动作。如:fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶(已落下)developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家28Ⅰ.________(fish)ismyfavouritesport.Ioften_____(fish)forhourswithout_________(catch)anything.Butthisdoesn'tworryme.Someofthefishe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