中考英语语法第十四讲--定语从句重点

12限制性定语从句考点与学习方法学习方法：拆分法连接词从句的单复数与主被动3定语从句的连接词考点（关系副词、关系代词）基础考点:对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点（主格两个写法、宾格四个写法）That问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换2、that的三加三不加）连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足对宾格提问、介词后置)宾格时的介词前置与后置关系代词与关系副词的区别(where为代表的重点句型）456定语从句---•啥叫定语:修饰方式也•啥叫从句•啥叫定语从句我的书红色的书在桌子上的书我放在桌子上的书正在移动的桌子被移动的桌子MybookTheredbookThebookonthetableThebookthatIputonthetableThemovingtableThetablemovingThemovedtableThetablemoved人称代词+nAdj+nN+介词短语N+定语从句N+vingN+ved8•主谓宾状---解释状语---练习调顺序•解释定语概念---有名词的地方就有定语•汉语修饰方式—统统前置•英语修饰方式---形容词前置，其他统统放名词后面9定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Maryisabeautifulgirl.ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.101112拆分法—拆、找、合•一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课•拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。•一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。•找：找同一字•翻译句子thegirlishavingclass;thegirlwearsglasses•根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词•thegirlwearsglasses—who•合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去•Thegirlwhowearsglassesishavingclass13拆分法学定语从句•这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭•拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子•这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜•Thestudentishavingdinner,thestudentwearsglasses•找:thestudentwearsglasses---who•合:Thestudentwhowearsglassesishavingdinner•我们用我05年买的电脑•拆：Weusethecomputer,Iboughtthecomputerin2005.•找：Iboughtthecomputerin2005.—which•合；Weusethecomputerwhich/that/不填Iboughtin2005.14•我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友•我在街上遇到了这个朋友，我以前在上海交朋友•Imetthefriendonthestreet.ImadethefriendinShanghai.•Who/WhomImadeinShanghai.•ImetthefriendwhoImadeinShanghaionthestreet•他喜欢这个以前唱流行歌曲的主持人host•他喜欢这个主持人，他以前唱流行歌•Helikesthehost.Thehostsangpopsongs.•Helikesthehostwhosangpopsongs.•.15对物的定语从句•提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词•他们享受了你们给的礼物•Theyenjoyedthegiftswhichyougave.•Theyenjoyedthegiftsthatyougave.•Theyenjoyedthegiftsyougave.(不填)•分析:对物，宾格情况下，有三种连词which/that/不填•汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片send•Tomreceivedacard.ThecardwassentinLondon.•Tomreceivedacardwhich/thatwassentinLondon.16对状语的拆分•例:我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子.•拆：Wevisitedthehouse.Luxunlivedinthehouse.•找：Luxunlivedinthehouse–where•合:WevisitedthehousewhereLuxunlived.•难点:学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成分用which;地点状语成分用where.•例:我们待在据说是鲁班建造的房子里•拆:westayinthehouse.ItissaidthatLubanbuiltthehouse.•找:ItissaidthatLubanbuiltthehouse.—which•合:WestayinthehousewhichitissaidthatLubanbuilt.17指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略18Whose的用法•例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方•拆：Iliketovisitaplace.Theplace’shistoryislong.•概念颠覆：•Hisbook–whosebook.•Tom’sbook–whosebook•Theplace’shistory–whosehistory•找：Theplace’shistoryislong.—whose•合:Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong.•例：DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.•例：Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack.•总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物可用whose,ofwhich两种19201)Thisisthehero(whom/that/who/不填)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.2)Sheisthegirlwhom/that/who/不填Iwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)2122有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which定语从句中需注意事项（一）231.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.•Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.•Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.242.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.•Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.•Notallthatglittersisgold.253.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句•Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.264.先行词是oneof,theone,或用much,little,few,no,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatyoucanofferus.275.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用that•Whichisthebikethatyoulost?•Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?28※who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用that定语从句中需注意事项（二）291.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who。ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.2.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.30不能用that的情况•1、非限制性定语从句不用that•2、介词前置时不用that•3、关系副词不用that3132附加部分————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有多重作用。o在从句中代替先行词。o在从句中作状语。o连接作用33关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。34关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Westayedwhere.先行词关系词从句＝=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.35时间状语when•例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天•拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。•Ialwaysremembertheday.Wemetontheday.•找：ontheday–when•合:Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet.36原因状语why—固定句型thereasonwhy…•例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。•Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate.•例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。•ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty.3738•1Friendsarethosemakeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.•A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who•2It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriversforpeoplegetoffthebus.•A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where•3---Barbara,wheredoyouwork?•---Iworkforacompanysellscars.•A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who•4---DoyouknowHongZhanhui?•---Yes.He’sthecollegestudenthasmovedChinesepeople.•A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom39•5Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners.•A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which•6----Doyouknowthegirlinredis?•----I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.•A.whenB.howC.whereD.what•7Paul’suncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear.•A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when•8ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.•A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what40•9Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake.•A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.who•10---ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?•----Yes,