武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告

武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告说明书实训报告武汉工程大学武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告说明书实训报告说明书课题名称基于液体氯化钙生产工艺平台来测定停留时间分布专业班级10级01学生学号1006学生姓名学生成绩指导教师课题工作时间2013.11.1~2013.11.6武汉工程大学化工与制药学院武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告说明书摘要氯化钙是一种用途很广的原料：无水氯化钙是工业和实验室常用重要的干燥剂，无机工业用作制造金属钙、氯化钡、各种钙盐(如磷酸钙等)的原料，建筑工业用作防冻剂，微生物工业用作单倍体育种的培养基。此外，还用作织物的防火剂、海港的消雾剂、路面的集尘剂和食品的防腐剂等。氯化钙溶液是致冷工业中重要的冷冻剂，也用作海藻酸钠行业、豆制品行业的絮凝剂。氯化钙的生产一般采用多釜连续反应器来生产，因而其生产放大过程显得十分有必要。中试时，我们以氯化钾作为示踪剂，通过测定溶液的电导来间接测定生产液体氯化钙所设计的平台的停留时间，从而得到这个平台的两个釜平均停留时间分别为161min、90min，平均方差分别为3427、3425，N分别为7.56、2.35。关键词：氯化钙；停留时间；脉冲法；阶跃法武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告说明书Abstract:Calciumchlorideisaveryversatilematerial:anhydrouscalciumchlorideiscommonlyusedinimportantindustrialandlaboratorydesiccant;inorganicmetalmanufacturingindustrytakingitasrawmaterialsofcalcium,microbialhaploidbreedingindustryasamedium.Calciumchloridesolutionisanimportantindustrialrefrigerationrefrigerantandaflocculantinsodiumalginateindustryandsoybeanindustry.Calciumchlorideisgenerallyproducedwithmulti-continuousreactors,andthustheprocessofthescalingproblemanditssolutionareofgreatsignificance.Inthesmallscale,bythepulsemethod,weobtaintheresidencetimedistribution,takingadvantageofacomputersoftware，andtherebyobtaintheaverageresidencetimeof166.4、292.9、443.2min,varianceis39151.2、43975.7、62038.1,N=0.7、2.0、3.2，inthethreetankreactors,whiletheaverageresidencetimeof24.9min,variance128.3inthetubereactor.Inthemiddlescaletest,wetakepotassiumchlorideasatracerandmeasuretheconductanceofthesolutiontodetermineindirectlytheresidencetimeoftheplatformdesignedforproductionofliquidcalciumchloride,therebyobtaintheaverageresidencetimeof100min,theaveragevarianceof1000,N=7.oftheplatform.Keywords:calciumchloride;residencetime;pulseandStepMethod武汉工程大学化工与制药学院实训报告说明书目录第一部分文献综述.........................................................................................................................1一、氯化钙的性质...................................................................................................................11．简介.............................................................................................................................12．物理性质.....................................................................................................................13．化学性质.....................................................................................................................2二、液体氯化钙的生产工艺的介绍.......................................................................................31、由石灰石和盐酸反应制得.........................................................................................3三、停留时间分布测定的原理和目的、实验步骤...............................................................51.实验目的........................................................................................................................52.实验原理........................................................................................................................53.实验步骤........................................................................................................................8四、电导率的测定方法.........................................................................................................101.测定原理......................................................................................................................102.仪器及试剂..................................................................................................................103.具体测定步骤..............................................................................................................104.电导仪的使用方法......................................................................................................12第二部分实验部分.......................................................................................................................15五、小试阶段.........................................................................................................................151.实验试剂......................................................................................................................152.实验装置......................................................................................................................153.实验步骤......................................................................................................................154.实验数据......................................................................................................................175.实验数据的处理..........................................................................................................18六、中试阶段.........................................................................................................................201.实验试剂......................................................................................................................202.主要设备及其原理......................................................................................................203.实验步骤......................................................................................................................244.测釜溶液电导率......................