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（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态与被动语态：英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.Cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear.主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态e.gManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。4.其它成分不变。变被动语态时需要注意的事项•一变•二套•三注意宾变主，主变宾，宾语前面by跟，谓语动词变过分，不忘前面be动词跟套时态，主被动时态一致注意因人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。各种时态的被动语态的构成：1.一般现在时态am,is,are+过去分词2.一般过去时态was,were+过去分词3.一般将来时态will+be+过去分词4.过去将来时态would+be+过去分词5.现在完成时态have,has+been+过去分词6.过去完成时态had+been+过去分词7.现在进行时态am,is,are+being+过去分词8.过去进行时态was,were+being+过去分词9.含情态动词的情态动词+be+过去分词所有时态的被动语态否定就是在最前面的助动词后加not疑问就是把最前面的助动词提前。ManytreesarenotbeingplantednowAremanytreesbeingplantednow?把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.2、Peopleusedwoodformakingtables.3、TheyaremakingcomputersintheUSA.EnglishisspokeninCanada(bythem).Woodwasusedformakingtables.ComputersarebeingmadeintheUSA.把被动句变否定Computersaren’tbeingmadeintheUSA.4、TheyhavegrownriceinSouthChina.5.Wemustplantmoretreesnextyear.6.Iamgoingtocleanourclassroomtomorrow.Moretreesmustbeplantednextyear.Ourclassroomisgoingtobecleanedtomorrow.RicehasbeengrowninSouthChina.把被动句变疑问.HasricebeengrowninSouthChina？变被动语态的特殊情况•一。双宾语•双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语•直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，•间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），•间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。•e.g.:Theygavehimawatch.这里的him是间接宾语,awatch是直接宾语,变被动语态的特殊情况•一、双宾语buy/makesbsth=buy/makesthforsbgivesbsth=givesthtosb1.Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.Iwasboughtacomputerbymyfather.2.Hegivesmeabook.Abookisgiventomebyhim.IamgivenabookbyhimSth+be+过去分词+for/tosb+bysb.Sb+be+过去分词+sth+bysb双宾语改为被动语态1Hegavemeanapple2.Heboughtmeabikelastweek3Hewrotemealetter4HesentmesomemessagesthatdayIwasgivenanappleAnapplewasgiventomeIwasboughtabikelastweekAbikewasboughtformelastweekIwaswrittenaletterAletterwaswrittentomeIwassentsomemessagesthatdaySomemessagesweresenttome二、无to不定式•一感二听•三让•四看feellistento.hearlet.have.makewatch.see.lookat.notice变为被动时加上toeg.Weoftenseehimplaybasketball.Heisoftenseentoplaybasketballbyus.Thebossmadethechildrenworkforlong.Thechildrenweremadetoworkforlongbytheboss.=Amanwasseentoentertheroom.•Mymothermademedothedishesyesterday.Wesawamanentertheroom.•Hemadehimworkforonehour=Iwasmadetodothedishesyesterday.Hewasmadetoworkforonehour.三、注意动词短语的•常考到的动词短语有完整性•takecareof•lookafter•listento•speaktoeg.1.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.2.Thenursetakesgoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythenurse.四、无被动语态的动词。•不及物动词及系动词•happen•takeplace•die•rise•cometrue•comeouteg.1.Anaccident(happen)justnow.happened2.I’msurethatmydream.(cometrue)somedayinthefuturewillcometrue常用的被动语态短语bemadeoffromintobeusedtodofordoingas由--制成的看出原材料看不出原材料原材料制成成品befilledwithbecoveredwitheg.1.Paperismadewood.from2.Tablesaremadewood.3.Woodismadepaperandtables.ofinto被用来--被用作用--充满被--覆盖