周伟澄,博士,上海医药工业研究院研究员,博士研究生导师,创新药物与制药工艺国家重点实验室主任,上海市抗感染药物重点实验室主任,上海交通大学兼职教授。《中国医药工业杂志》总编辑。享受国务院特殊津贴,其研究课题多次受到联合国开发署/世界银行/世界卫生组织、国家科技攻关项目、国家重大新药创制、国家973项目等的资助。获得多份新药证书和专利。氟喹诺酮:从抗菌药到降血脂新药的发现周伟澄研究员上海医药工业研究院2014年3月第六届世界农药科技与应用发展学术交流会心血管疾病概况全球每年1200-1600万人死于心血管病和脑中风高血脂症引起的动脉粥样硬化是造成冠心病,高血压和脑血管疾病的主要原因我国高血脂症的患者超过7500万,随人口老龄化的严重,患者还在增加降血脂药物已成为全球第一类畅销药物高血脂:胆固醇,甘油三酯脂蛋白分类乳糜微粒(CM)d0.94g/ml极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)d=1.006~0.94低密度脂蛋白(LDL)d=1.006~1.063,LDL越高,动脉粥样硬化的风险越大高密度脂蛋白(HDL)d1.063,HDL越高,动脉粥样硬化风险越小降血脂药物的分类3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMGCoA)还原酶抑制剂(他汀),占降血脂药物市场的90%以上,作用于胆固醇的合成,明显降低LDL胆固醇吸收抑制剂:依替米贝纤维酸衍生物,“贝特”,降TG,升HDL胆酸螯合剂:离子交换树脂烟酸上市的他汀药物HCH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3HCH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3CH3HCH3OHOOCH3CH3OHNa+COOOHNa+COOOHNCH3CH3OHFlovastatinsimvastatinpravastatinsodiumfluvastatinsodiumRRRRRRSRNFONHCH3CH3OHCOOOHOHNNFCH3CH3NCH3SOOCH3COOOHNOHFCOOOHCa2+Ca2+Ca2+222atorvastatincalciumrosuvastatincalciumpitavastatincalciumSRSRRR阿托伐他汀:bestinclass年份销售额(亿美元)1997上市199818199940200050200164200279200310320041082005121200613620071352008137200912320101292011125201239.45他汀类药物作用机制OCH2SCoAOHCH3CH2COOHCH2OHCH3CH2CH2OHCOOHOHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3NADPHCoASHNADPHMGCoAMevalonate++HMG-CoAreductaseHMG-CoARedactaseInhibitor他汀类药物构效关系HCH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3HCH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3CH3HCH3OHOOCH3CH3OHNa+COOOHNa+COOOHNCH3CH3OHFlovastatinsimvastatinpravastatinsodiumfluvastatinsodiumRRRRRRSRNFONHCH3CH3OHCOOOHOHNNFCH3CH3NCH3SOOCH3COOOHNOHFCOOOHCa2+Ca2+Ca2+222atorvastatincalciumrosuvastatincalciumpitavastatincalciumSRSRRROHCOOMOH连接链母环侧链的结构改造3,5-二羟基戊酸或内酯是药效团,手性碳原子3R,5S(碳链为双键),3R,5R(碳链为单键)氟伐他汀为顺式异构体,(3R,5S)有药理活性,(3S,5R)无药理活性,其它药物为单一异构体开环羧酸的活性优于内酯OHOHCOOMOOOH碳链母环碳链母环12345连接链的结构改造必须两个碳,增加或减少活性下降CH2CH2,CH=CH,有活性C≡C或OCH2没有活性CH=CH,trans-活性优于cis-活性OHOHCOOM碳链母环母环:六氢萘不是必需基团全合成他汀:吲哚,吡咯,嘧啶,喹啉药核基团的两个邻位有对氟苯基和异丙基或环丙基HCH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3NCH3CH3OOOHFOHNa+NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOHOOOHOHNNFCH3CH3NCH3SOOCH3NOOOHOHF药物作用的选择性特异性毒性:横纹肌肝脏是药效的靶器官,药物进入肝脏有主动转运机制药物进入肌细胞靠被动扩散高亲脂性有利于被动扩散肝选择性:合适的亲脂性/亲水性,通过母环的结构修饰实现氟喹诺酮抗菌药的发现历史氟喹诺酮:6位引入F,可显著提高对DNA促旋酶的抑制作用和体外抗菌作用NNHCH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3ClStructuralmodificationNNC2H5CO2HOH3CchloroquineantimalarialNNNOCO2HC2H5NHNNOCO2HC2H5NHNFgeneration1pipemidicacidgeneration2nalidixicacid19611974nofloxacingeneration31979上市药物22个:诺氟沙星,培氟沙星,环丙沙星,氧氟沙星,依诺沙星,洛美沙星,托氟沙星,氟罗沙星,卢氟沙星,那氟沙星,左氟沙星,司氟沙星,曲伐沙星,加替沙星,莫西沙星,帕珠沙星,吉米沙星,巴洛沙星,普利沙星,加雷沙星,西他沙星,安妥沙星兽药6个:达诺沙星,二氟沙星,恩氟沙星,麻保沙星,奥比沙星,沙拉沙星本课题组对氟喹诺酮的结构改造氟喹诺酮环的亲核取代反应(SNAR)ZhenfaZhang,WeichengZhou.TetrahedronLett2005,46:3855Zhenfazhang,WeichengZhou,AizhenYu.BioorgMedChemLett2004,14:393ZhenfaZhang,AizhenYu,WeichengZhou.BioorgMedChem2007,15:7274张贞发,周伟澄.中国医药工业杂志2002,33:209NOR1FR7R8CO2EtNOR1FO2NCH2R8CO2EtCH3NO2R1=Et,cyclopropanylR7=F,ClR8=F,HNOR1FOHCR8CO2EtKMnO4本课题组对氟喹诺酮SNAR的研究NOCO2HRFFFNOCO2HRFSPhFNOCO2HRFPhSSPhNOCO2HRPhSPhSSPhPhSHNaH,DMSORTPhSH,NaHDMSO50oC2NKOH,50oCH2OPhOHNaH,DMSO60oCNORCO2HFPhOOPhNORCO2HFPhOFNORCO2HPhOPhOOPhPhOHNaH,DMSO,RTPhOH,NaHDMSO,140oCXiangMa,WeichengZhou,RetoBrun.BioorgMedChemLett2009,19:986本课题组对氟喹诺酮SNAR的研究ZhengyanCai,WeichengZhou,LixinSun.BioorgMedChem2007,15:7809ZhengyanCai,WeichengZhou,LuyongZhang.JChinPharmSci2010,19:15QunHao,ZhengyanCai,WeichengZhou.ChemBiolDrugDes2011,78:730NFFFClCO2EtAr-OHTHF,NaH,NFFFO-ArCO2EtAr-OHDMF,NaH,NFFOO-ArCO2EtArOArOArOArNO-ArCO2EtOArNFOO-ArCO2EtArAr-OHAr-OHAr-SHTHF,Et3N,NFFFS-ArCO2EtAr-SHTHF,Et3N,rtAr-SHDMF,K2CO3,NFFSS-ArCO2EtArSArSArSArNS-ArCO2EtSArNFSS-ArCO2EtArAr-SHDMF,K2CO3,rt-10~0oC1equv.2equv.40oCK2CO3,DMSO,90oCK2CO3,DMF,60oC-25oC60oC1equv.2equv.3~3.3equv.4.5equv.3~3.3equv.4.5equv.本课题组对氟喹诺酮SNAR的研究ShikuiZhao,WeichengZhou,JunLiu.BioorgMedChem2009,17:7915ShikuiZhao,WeichengZhou.SynCommun2011,41:20NFFClCO2EtAr-NHCH3THF,BuLi,NFFNCO2EtArCH3NFNCO2EtNArCH3ArCH3Ar-XH,X=O,STHF,NaHNaH,DMSO,Ar-XH,X=O,SAr-XH,X=O,SAr-NHCH3THF,BuLi,rtNFFX-ArCO2EtNXXX-ArCO2EtArArNNNCO2EtNArArCH3CH3CH3ArNFXX-ArCO2EtAr0oCK2CO3,DMF,R'ONXOHOR1R2R3RONFOOH匹伐他汀先导化合物目标化合物本课题组对他汀类的结构改造首次发现4-取代苯硫(氧、氮)基喹啉类衍生物,具有自主知识产权X=O,S,N,可保持或增强其活性,抑制酶活性:S≥ON实现肝选择性,通过母环的结构修饰合适的亲脂性/亲水性20SIPI-4884SIPI-4887活性化合物R=H,CH(CH3)2,cyclopropylR’=H,F.Cl,CH3OCH3,CH(CH3)2(O,S,N)HNNCH3HNOHNHNCH3NH2HNN化学合成SHNSCOOEtFSFClNClCOOEtNOHCOOEtFClDIBALHNSCH2OHFSNSCH2ClFSNSCH2P(O)Ph2FSP(OEt)Ph2COOBu-tOOCH3CH3OHCNSCOOBu-tOOCH3CH3FSn-BuLiNSOHOHFSCOOHNSOHOHFSCOOBu-tNSCOO-OHOHFSCa2+21.NaOH2.CaCl2SIPI-4887QunHao,JingPan,YongjiaLi,ZhengyanCaiandWeichengZhou.OrgProcessResDev2013,17:921-926体外抑制HMGCoA还原酶的IC50编号IC50(μM)编号IC50(μM)瑞舒伐他汀9.03SIPI-481710.67匹伐他汀10.67SIPI-482511.94阿托伐他汀13.22SIPI-481212.65氟伐他汀21.21SIPI-480814.15SIPI-48881.24SIPI-480915.37SIPI-48863.21SIPI-483715.75SIPI-48593.64SIPI-481318.56SIPI-48834.35SIPI-48874.41SIPI-48847.93SIPI-48859.17SIPI-48589.24SIPI-48899.28SIPI-488210.60SIPI-4884对HMGCoA还原酶的抑制作用明显优于现有药物剂量TCTGHDL-CLDL-CH/L正常组12.42±4.050.57±0.144.73±1.038.25±3.530.71±0.42阿托伐他汀组206.51±1.61**0.76±0.394.39±0.862.51±1.14**2.19±1.46*SIPI-4888511.64±3.670.74±0.356.63±1.32**6.40±3.271.15±0.31*207.61±1.62**0.96±0.784.66±1.203.62±1.53**1.44±0.59*SIPI-488658.65±2.48*0.70±0.214.89±1.164.61±2.06*1.21±0.45*208.66±0.99*4.47±7.064.74±1.573.66±1.45**1.37±0.25**SIPI-485959.66±3.691.95±3.995.3