GMAT机考样题及解析

Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncil“GMAT®questionsarethepropertyoftheGraduateManagementAdmissionCouncil®andarereprintedwiththeirpermission.”GMATMini-TestQuestionsandAnswersSentenceCorrectionINSTRUCTIONSThisquestionpresentsasentence,partofwhichorallofwhichisunderlined.Beneaththesentenceyouwillfindfivewaysofphrasingtheunderlinedpart.Thefirstoftheserepeatstheoriginal;theotherfouraredifferent.Ifyouthinktheoriginalisbest,choosethefirstanswer;otherwisechooseoneoftheothers.Thisquestiontestscorrectnessandeffectivenessofexpression.Inchoosingyouranswer,followtherequirementsofstandardwrittenEnglish;thatis,payattentiontogrammar,choiceofwords,andsentenceconstruction.Choosetheanswerthatproducesthemosteffectivesentence;thisanswershouldbeclearandexact,withoutawkwardness,ambiguity,redundancy,orgrammaticalerror.SentenceCorrectionQuestion1Carbon-14datingrevealsthatthemegalithicmonumentsinBrittanyarenearly2,000yearsasoldasanyoftheirsupposedMediterraneanpredecessors.EXPLANATIONThefirst,thirdandlastchoicedonotstatethecomparisonlogically.Theexpressionasoldasindicatesequalityofage,butthesentenceindicatesthattheBrittanymonumentspredatetheMediterraneanmonumentsby2,000years.Inthesecondchoice,thebestanswer,olderthanmakesthepointofcomparisonclear.Thischoicealsocorrectlyusestheadjectivesupposed,ratherthantheadverbsupposedlyusedinthefourthandlastchoices,tomodifythenounphraseMediterraneanpredecessors.Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncilSentenceCorrectionQuestion2EachofHemingway'swives-HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh-werestrongandinterestingwomen,verydifferentfromtheoftenpallidwomenwhopopulatehisnovels.EXPLANATIONEachchoiceexceptthethirdcontainserrorsofagreement.Inboththefirstandlastchoice,thesingularsubject(eachinthefirstchoice,everyoneinthelastchoice)doesnotagreewiththepluralverbwere,whileinthefourthchoice,thepluralsubjectwomenismismatchedwiththesingularverbwas.Inthesecondchoicethesubjectandverbagree,butthedescriptivephraseplacedbetweenthemcreatesanillogicalstatementbecauseeachcannotbewives;eachcanbeoneofthewives,orawife.Thepronounconstructionsinthefirst,second,fourthandlastchoicearewordy;also,thesecond,fourthandlastchoicesareveryawkwardlystructuredanddonotconveythepointaboutHemingway'swivesclearly.Thethirdchoicecorrectlylinkswiveswithwere,eliminatestheunnecessarypronouns,andprovidesaclearerstructure.Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncilSentenceCorrectionQuestion3Theendoftheeighteenthcenturysawtheemergenceofprize-stockbreeding,withindividualbullsandcowsreceivingawards,fetchingunprecedentedprices,andexcitedenormousinterestwhenevertheywereputonshow.EXPLANATIONThethirdchoiceisthebest.Thethirdverbphraseintheseriesdescribingbullsandcowsshouldhavethesamegrammaticalformasthefirsttwo.Onlythethirdchoicehasapresentparticiple(or-ingform)thatisparallelwiththetwoprecedingverbs,receivingandfetching.Insteadofthepresentparticiple,thefirstandsecondchoicesusethepasttense(excited),thefourthchoiceusesanauxiliaryverb(wouldexcite),andthelastchoiceusesthepastperfecttense(hadexcited).Additionally,theincorrectverbtensesinthesecondandlastchoiceareintroducedbyapronoun,it,thatlacksalogicalnounreferent.Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncilSentenceCorrectionQuestion4WhileJackieRobinsonwasaBrooklynDodger,hiscourageinthefaceofphysicalthreatsandverbalattackswasnotunlikethatofRosaParks,whorefusedtomovetothebackofabusinMontgomery,Alabama.EXPLANATIONThesecondandthirdchoicepresentfaultycomparisons:inthesecondchoice,JackieRobinson'scourageiscomparedtoRosaParksherself,nottohercourage,andinthethirdchoiceitiscomparedtobothRosaParksandherrefusal.ThefourthchoicedoesnotmakeitclearwhetheritwasJackieRobinsonorRosaParkswhoshowedcourageinrefusingtomovetothebackofthebus;infact,sayingforrefusingratherthanrefusedmakesitsoundasifcouragemovedtothebackofthebus.Thelastchoiceincorrectlyusesasratherthanliketocomparetwonounphrases.Thefirstchoiceisthebest.Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncilSentenceCorrectionQuestion5Inastronomythetermredshiftdenotestheextenttowhichlightfromadistantgalaxyhasbeenshiftedtowardthered,orlong-wave,endofthelightspectrumbytherapidmotionofthegalaxyawayfromtheEarth.EXPLANATIONThefirstchoiceisbestbecauseitisidiomaticandbecauseitspassiveverbconstruction,hasbeenshifted,clearlyindicatesthatthelighthasbeenacteduponbytherapidmotion.Inthesecondchoice,theactiveverbhasshiftedsuggeststhatthelight,notthemotion,istheagencyofaction,butsuchaconstructionleavesthephrasebytherapidmotionofthegalaxyawayfromtheEarthwithoutanylogicalorgrammaticalfunction.Inthethirdchoice,theconstructiontheextentthatlightisungrammatical;denotestheextentmustbecompletedbytowhich.Thefourthchoiceincorrectlyemploysanactiveverb,shifting,andextentoflightisimpreciseandawkward.Thelastchoiceisfaultybecauseitcontainsnoverbtoexpresstheactionperformedbytherapidmotion.Copyright©2002GraduateManagementAdmissionsCouncilReadingComprehensionINSTRUCTIONSThequestionsinthisgrouparebasedonthecontentofapassage.Afterreadingthepassage,choosethe