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Unit2CultureShockUnit21.WhatisCultureShock?◆Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientationthatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations.(fromCollegeEnglish,2005,14th,10)◆当人们去到一个与自己原来的文化迥异的地方时，绝大多数人都会经历一种心理上的迷惑，这就是文化冲击。——RobertKohls（SurvivalKitforOverseasLiving)Itmeansstrongfeelingsofdiscomfort,fear,oranxiety,whichpeoplemayhavewhentheyenteranotherculture.HospitalityHospitalitymeansthecordialandgenerousreceptionofordispositiontowardguests.对客人的热诚慷慨的接待或安排。Twodifferentresponsestodifferentwaysofhospitality:AnEnglishguest:Eachtimeanewdisharrived,hisparentswouldleanoverandloadmyplatewithtastymorsels.AstheyhadtakenallthetroubletocookitIjusthadtopolishitoff.Assoonasmyplatewasemptytheywouldputmoreon.Ofcourse,Ifeltduty-boundtobearthattoo.AChineseguest:CanyouimaginehowmanydishesIhad?Oneone–astewwithmeatandvegetables.Themeatwasoverdoneandtoohardtoeat;greenvegetableswerenolongergreen.Theyneverputfoodonyourplatebutjustaskyoutohelpyourself.Ifyou,asaguest,areshyormodest,waitingforthefoodtobeputonyourplate,youwillremainhalf-starved.HospitalityWhat’stheproblem?TheChinesestudentfeltdisappointedatBritishhospitalitybecausesheusedtheChinesewayofshowinghospitalitytojudgetheBritishone.IfthestorytakingplaceinChina,thewesternercouldn'timaginethatthereshouldbesixteendishespreparedforher.Whensheatefromtheeightcolddishes,shecouldn'teatanymore.ItisbecauseaWesternmealnormallyseversonemaincourseplusastarterandsweetsordesserts.Thefactisthatdifferentpeopleintheworldshowtheirdifferenthospitalityindifferentways.PolitenessPolitenessreferstotheconsiderationforothers,tact,andobservanceofacceptedsocialusage.礼貌指的是为他人着想、老练、遵守被接受的社会规范。PolitenessSomeChineseStudents’ViewsonWesternPoliteness:Foreignersneverpretendtobemodest.Theyjusttellotherswhattheythink.IfaChinesepersonisfacedwiththesamesituation,maybeheorshewouldsay,“I'msorry.Therestaurantisalittlebitsmallandthedishesarejustso-so,butIhopeyou'llenjoyyourself.”Whenguestsaretoleave,theforeignhostsdon'taccompanygueststothegateuponleaving-taking.Thishappensbecausetheforeignersaresimplyfollowingtheirownculturalcustoms.IfaChinesehostdoeslikethis,hewillbeconsideredapersonwithbadmannersornotrainingandeducation.Therefore,thereisadeepseparationbetweenChineseconventionsandforeigners.PrivacyPrivacycouldbeunderstoodastherightofanindividualtoself-determinationastothedegreetowhichtheindividualiswillingtosharewithothersinformationabouthimself.个人自己决定愿在何种程度上与他人共享有关其个人的信息的权利。PrivacySomeChineseStudents’ViewsonWesternprivacy:Thewesternersarenotwillingtoletothersknowtheirincome,age,marriage,andotherprivacy,especiallytostrangers.ButasaChinesestudent,evenifweknowtheirculture,Ican'thelpdoingthingsasourcultureletsusdo.TheWesterncultureemphasizesindividualindependence.Parentsalwayswanttheirchildrentodependonthemselves.Thechildrenareexpectedtodependonthemselves.Ithasitshistoricalandculturalreasons,Chineseparentslovetheirchildrenandwillneverlettheminanydanger.Theywanttokeepanintimaterelationship.CasestudiesCaseanalysis:ShaoBin,aChinesestudentstudyinginBritain,wasonceinvitedbyherBritishclassmateBraintohishousetocookaChinesemeal.HertwoChinesefriendswerealsoinvited.Theybusiedthemselvesinthekitchen,makingdumplingwhileBraindidsomethinginthegardenandhiswifesatonthesofareading.ShaoBinfeltalittleupsetforshethoughtthatboththehostandthehostessshouldoffertohelpwiththekitchenwork.Themealwasgreatandeveryoneenjoyedthemselves.Thecouplekeptcomplimentingthemontheircookingskillsandaskedfortherecipe.Butthenafterthemeal,thecouplejustputdowntheirchopsticksandstartedmindingtheirownbusiness,leavingtheChinesegueststoclearthetableanddothedishes.ShaoBinfeltabsolutelyconfusedorevenangry.Sheconcludedthat…….CasestudiesTheKeytotheQuestion:GueststoaChinesefamilywillneverbeallowedtodoanyhousework.Thisisoneofthewaysthehostandhostessshowtheirhospitality.Eveniftheguestsoffertocookadish,thehostorthehostessshouldstayaroundthemandofferhelpwhenevercan.Itisevenhardertoimaginethattheywouldlettheirguestsclearthetableanddothedishes,thoughtheguestsshouldalwaysvolunteerhelp.ShaoBin’smealataBritishfamilysetsagreatcontrasttoherChineseexperience.ThisiswhyShaoBingotangry.Whatsheshoulddoistoavoidahastyconclusion.Sheshouldfirstobservethesituationwithoutjudgment.AndthenanalyzethesituationusingwhatsheknowsaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishculture.Text1MakingaCulturalChangeLanguagePointacquaintancen•[U]~withsth/sb(oftenslight)knowledgeofsth/sb对某事物[某人]（常为略微的）了解:HehassomelittleacquaintancewiththeJapaneselanguage.他稍微会一点儿日语.•[C]personwhomoneknowsbutwhoisnotaclosefriend相识而非密友者;泛泛之交:Hehasawidecircleofacquaintances.他交游甚广.•(idm习语)haveanoddingacquaintancewithsb/sthknowsb/sthslightly与某人有点头之交;对某事物略知一二:Ihavenomorethananoddingacquaintancewithhernovels.我对她写的小说不甚了解.•makesb’sacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsb：gettoknowsb;meetsbpersonally结识某人;与某人相见:Imadehisacquaintanceataparty.我是在一个聚会上认识他的symp·tom/sɪmptəm/N-COUNTAsymptomofanillnessissomethingwrongwithyourbodyormindthatisasignoftheillness.症状例：Oneofthemostcommonsymptomsofschizophreniaish