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POETRYintheENGLISHLANGUAGE英语诗歌欣赏Lecture1ZhangYangChinaUniversityofElectronicScience&Technology2ndSemesterinthe2007-2008AcademicYearWhatIsPoetry?Canyougivemethedefinitionofpoetryinyourmind?Definition:Poetryisanimaginativeawarenessofexperienceexpressedthroughmeaning,sound,andrhythmiclanguagechoicessoastoevokeanemotionalresponse.Poetryhasbeenknowntoemploymeterandrhyme,butthisisbynomeansnecessary.Poetryisanancientformthathasgonethroughnumerousanddrasticreinventionovertime.Theverynatureofpoetryasanauthenticandindividualmodeofexpressionmakesitnearlyimpossibletodefine.-P.1-WhatIsPoetry?ThewordpoemcomesfromGreekpoiēma,meaning“making”.Apoemisacompleteandself-containedpieceofwritinginversethatissetoutinlinesofaparticularlengthandusesrhythm,imagery,andoftenrhymetoachieveitseffect.Poetryreferstotheartofwritingpoemsortopoemscollectively.Poetryisawayof“saying.”Wefeelthiswayfortworeasons:the“wayofthesaying”andthe“natureofthesaid.”asforthe“wayofthesaying,”thestronglymarkedrhythms,thefrequentappearanceofrhyme,andthefigurativelanguagemayseemoddanddistracting;andasforthe“natureofthesaid,”itgenerallycontainsneitheragood,suspensefulstorynorobviouslyusefulinformation.Poetry,inshort,mayseembothunnaturalandirrelevant.-P.2-GraspingattheIndefinableThereareasmanydefinitionsofpoetryastherearepoets.Wordsworthdefinedpoetryasthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings;EmilyDickinsonsaid,IfIreadabookanditmakesmybodysocoldnofireevercanwarmme,Iknowthatispoetry;andDylanThomasdefinedpoetrythisway:Poetryiswhatmakesmelaughorcryoryawn,whatmakesmytoenailstwinkle,whatmakesmewanttodothisorthatornothing.Poetryisalotofthingstoalotofpeople.Homer'sepic,TheOddysey,describedthewanderingsoftheadventurer,Odysseus,andhasbeencalledthegreateststoryevertold.DuringtheEnglishRenaissance,dramaticpoetslikeJohnMilton,ChristopherMarlowe,andofcourseShakespearegaveusenoughtofilltextbooks,lecturehalls,anduniversities.PoemsfromtheromanticperiodincludeGoethe'sFaust(1808),Coleridge'sKublaKhanandJohnKeats'OdeonaGrecianUrn”.-P.3-Thequalitiesofpoetry?1.Economic2.Evocative3.Experiential4.Evasive(Equivocal)-P.4-POETRYEleanorFarjeon(1881-1965)WhatisPoetry?Whoknows?Notarose,butthescentoftherose;Notthesky,butthelightinthesky;Notthefly,butthegleamofthefly;Notthesea,butthesoundofthesea;Notmyself,butwhatmakesmeSee,hear,andfeelsomethingthatproseCannot:andwhatitis,whoknows?1.EleanorFarjeon:borninLondonandeducatedprivately.ShewasthedaughterofanEnglishnovelistandgrand-daughterofthegreatAmericanactorJosephJefferson.Throughherlifeshewasenchantedbyfairytalesandnurserysongsandherpoemsarelovedbothbychildrenandbygrown-ups.-P.5-POETRYEleanorFarjeon(1881-1965)WhatisPoetry?Whoknows?Notarose,butthescentoftherose;Notthesky,butthelightinthesky;Notthefly,butthegleamofthefly;Notthesea,butthesoundofthesea;Notmyself,butwhatmakesmeSee,hear,andfeelsomethingthatproseCannot:andwhatitis,whoknows?谁能告诉我，什么是诗？它不是玫瑰，却象玫瑰般的芬芳；它不是蓝天，却似蓝天一样透亮；它不是萤火虫，却在黑暗中闪光；它不是大海，却似大海万顷波涛；它不是我，却使我看到、听到、感受到，一种奇妙的东西，一种散文难以描绘的意境。谁能告诉我，什么是诗？-P.6-SPRINGThomasNash(1567-1601)Pamphleteer/Poet/Dramatist/NovelistBorninLowestoft,Suffolk,England,ThomasNashwaseducatedattheUniversityofCambridge.Hismostsuccessfulworksinclude:•PiercePenilesseHisSupplicationtotheDevil•TheUnfortunateTraveller;or,TheLifeofJackeWilton•Dido,QueenofCarthage(withChristopherMarlowe),and•LentenStuffe.ThepoemSpringistakenfromhisplaySummer’sLastWillandTestament,whosemaincharactersareSpring,Summer,AutumnandWinter.ForfurtherinformationaboutThomasNash,pleaseconsultthefollowingwebsite:(1567-1601)Spring,thesweetspring,istheyear'spleasantking;Thenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinaring,Colddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgay,Lambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,Andwehearayebirdstunethismerrylay,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thefieldsbreathesweet,thedaisieskissourfeet,Youngloversmeet,oldwivesa-sunningsit,Ineverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreet,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring,thesweetSpring!1.Pleasepayattentiontotheendingsyllablesofthefirstthreelinesineachstanza(paragraph).That’showthebasicrhymeschemeisformed.2.doth:does3.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo:分别为布谷、夜莺、田凫和猫头鹰的叫声4.palmandmay:棕榈和山查5.aye:always6.a-sunning:enjoyingthesunshine;theprefixa-isoftenaddedtothepresentparticipleformofaverb,meaningtakingtheactionatthemoment.7.Doyounoticeasimilarpatterninthemiddleofthelines?-P.8-SPRINGThomasNash(1567-1601)Spring,thesweetspring,istheyear'spleasantking;Thenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinaring,Colddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgay,Lambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,Andwehearayebirdstunethismerrylay,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thefieldsbreathesweet,thedaisieskissourfeet,Youngloversmeet,oldwivesa-sunningsit,Ineverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreet,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring,thesweetSpring!春，甜美之春，一年四季的快乐之王，万物花开，少女围舞，乍暖还寒，百鸟欢唱，咕咕，啾啾，布喂，吐-威托-呜！棕榈山查，点缀乡村农家，羊羔嬉戏，牧笛整日