洋酒

洋酒(importedwines)—是指进口酒类的总称。•Types：白兰地Brandy威士忌Whiskey伏特加Vodka朗姆Rum金酒Gin龙舌兰Tequila•Brandy(frombrandywine,derivedfromDutchbrandewijn—“burntwine”)isaspiritproducedbydistilling(蒸馏的)wine,thewinehavingfirstbeenproducedbyfermenting(发酵)grapes.Brandygenerallycontains35%–60%alcoholbyvolumeandistypicallytakenasanafter-dinnerdrink.Whilesomebrandiesareagedinwoodencasks,mostarecolouredwithcaramel(焦糖)colouringtoimitatetheeffectofsuchaging.Brandycanalsobemadefromfermentedfruit(i.e.,otherthangrapes)andfrompomace.•白兰地品质等级•E-Especial（特别的，特级的）F-Fine（好）V-Very（很好）O-Old（陈年）•S-Superior（高级）P-Pale（浅色）X-Extra（特醇）C-Coganc（干邑）•V.O.-多年陈醇（10年左右）V.S.O.-高级，远年陈酿（15年左右）•V.S.O.P.-高级，远年，浅色陈酿（20年以上）X.O.-远年特醇（40年以上）•著名干邑品牌•Martell（马爹利）Hennessy（轩尼诗）RemyMartin（人头马）Augier（爱之喜）Bisquit（百事吉）Camus（金花）F.O.V（长颈）Hine（御鹿）Louis（路易斯）Otard（奥塔尔）Courvoisier（康福喜）•Whisky(ScottishEnglish)orwhiskey(IrishEnglish)isatypeofdistilledalcoholicbeverage(饮料)madefromfermentedgrainmash.Differentgrainsareusedfordifferentvarieties,includingbarley,maltedbarley,rye,maltedrye,wheat,andmaize(corn).Whiskyisagedinwoodencasks,madegenerallyofwhiteoak,exceptthatintheUnitedStatescornwhiskeyneednotbeaged.•Whiskyisastrictlyregulatedspiritworldwidewithmanycompetingdenominationsoforiginandmanyclassesandtypes.Theunifyingcharacteristicsofthedifferentclassesandtypesarethefermentationofgrains,distillationtolessthan95%alcohol,andaginginwood.•1、苏格兰威士忌（ScotchWhisky）5-20年80-86proof按原料和酿造方法不同可分为：•PureMalt（纯麦威士忌）GrainScotchWhiskyorPatentStillWhisky（谷物威士忌）BlendedScotchWhisky（对和威士忌）•名牌有：Glenliret（格兰利非特）ChivasRegal（皇家芝华，骑士王国）HaigDimple（高级海格）JohnnieWulkerBlackLabel（黑方）JohnnieWulkerBlackLabel（红方）RoyalSalute（皇家礼炮）OldParr（老佰威）WhiteHouse（白马）HighlanlPark（高地派克）•2、爱尔兰威士忌（IrishWhiskey）8-15年86proof左右•名牌：JohnJamesonangSon（约翰·詹姆森父子）JohnPowerandSons（约翰·波威尔父子）•OldBushMills（沃特布什米尔斯）TallamoreDew（特拉莫尔露）•3、美国威士忌（AmericanWhiskey）2（至少）-4（一般）-8（最多）年份•名品：BenchMark（椅马克）AmericanRyeWhiskey（美国黑麦威士忌）FourRoses（四玫瑰）JackDaniel（杰克·丹尼）I.W.Harper（哈帕）WildTurkey（野火鸡）OldGrandDad（老爷爷）•4、加拿大威士忌（CanadianWhiskey）•名品：•Seagram'sCrownRoyal（皇冠）•Seagram'sV.O.（特醇）•CanadianClub（加拿大俱乐部）•CanadianMist（加拿大之雾）•Vodka(isadistilledbeverageandoneoftheworld'smostpopularliquors.Itiscomposedprimarilyofwaterandethanolwithtracesofimpuritiesandflavorings.Vodkaismadefromfermentedsubstanceslikegrainandpotatos.•Vodka'salcoholiccontentusuallyrangesbetween35-70%byvolume;thestandardPolish,RussianandLithuanianvodkasare40%alcoholbyvolume(80proof).•Vodkaistraditionallydrunkneatinthevodkabelt—EasternEurope,BalticStatesandNordiccountries—andelsewhere.Itisalsocommonlyusedincocktailsandmixeddrinks,suchasthebloodyMary,thescrewdriver,thesexonthebeach,theWhiteRussian,thevodkatonic,andthevodkamartini.•伏特加（Vodka）80-100proof•名品：•Stolichnaya（斯刁利西那亚）BlauerBison（兰牛）Moskovskaya（莫斯科卡亚）•Cossack（哥萨克）Smirnoff（斯米诺夫）Finlandis（芬兰地亚）•Rumisadistilledalcoholicbeveragemadefromsugarcane(甘蔗)by-productssuchasmolasses(糖浆)andsugarcanejuicebyaprocessoffermentationanddistillation.Thedistillate,aclearliquid,isthenusuallyagedinoakandotherbarrels.•RumplaysapartinthecultureofmostislandsoftheWestIndies,andhasfamousassociationswiththeRoyalNavy(whereitwasmixedwithwaterorbeertomakegrog)andpiracy(whereitwasconsumedasBumboo).RumhasalsoservedasapopularmediumofexchangethathelpedtopromoteslaveryalongwithprovidingeconomicinstigationforAustralia'sRumRebellionandtheAmericanRevolution.•Lightrumsarecommonlyusedincocktails,whereasgoldenanddarkrumsarealsoappropriatefordrinkingstraight,orforcooking.Premiumrumsarealsoavailablethataremadetobeconsumedstraightorwithice.•（五）朗姆酒（Rum）40%-75.5%•按原料和酿制方法可分为：•WhiteRum（朗姆白酒）LightRum（淡朗姆酒）GreatAromaRum（强香朗姆酒）•TraditionalRum（传统朗姆酒）OldRum（老朗姆酒）•名品：•Bacardi（百家地）Myers's（麦而斯）Ronrico（龙里可）•CoptainMargan（摩根船长）•Ginisaspiritwhosepredominantflavorisderivedfromjuniperberries(Juniperuscommunis).Althoughseveraldifferentstylesofginhaveexistedsinceitsorigins,ginisbroadlydifferentiatedintotwobasiclegalcategories.Distilledginiscraftedinthetraditionalmanner,byre-distillingneutralspiritofagriculturaloriginwithjuniperberriesandotherbotanicals.Compoundginismadebysimplyflavoringneutralspiritwithessencesand/orother'naturalflavorings'withoutre-distillation,andisnotashighlyregarded.Theminimumbottledalcoholicstrengthforginis37.5%ABVintheE.U.,40%ABVintheU.S.•金酒（Gin）又称琴酒或杜松子酒•1、荷兰金酒（Hollands）不宜作基酒40%左右•名品：•Bols（波尔斯）Bokma（波克马）Bomsma（邦斯马）Hasekamp（哈瑟坎坡）•Henkes（亨克斯）De.Kuper（戴·库帕）•2、美国金酒（DryGin）宜作基酒50%左右•名品：•Beefeater（御林军）Tanqueray（探戈雷）Booth's（博士）Gordon's（戈登斯）•Plymouth（普利茅斯）•Tequilaisablueagave–basedspiritmadeprimarilyintheareasurroundingthecityofTequila,65kilometres(40mi)northwestofGuadalajara,andinthehighlands(LosAltos)ofthewesternMexicanstateofJalisco.Theredvolcanicsoilinthesurroundingregionisparticularlywellsuitedtothegrowingoftheblueagave,andmorethan300millionoftheplantsareharvestedthereeachyear.MexicanlawsstateattequilacanbeproducedonlyinthestateofJaliscoandlimitedregionsinthestatesofGuanajuato,Michoacán,Nayarit,andTamaulipas.Mexicohasclaimedtheexclusiveinternationalrighttothewordtequila,threateninglegalactionsag