英语时态结构,标志词总结⑴、一般现在时结构:主+be(am/is/are)+其他/主+实义动词+其他/主+情态动词+动原+其他标志词:often,always,usually,sometimes,everyweek(day/year/month…),onceaweek,onSundays,onweekdays,fromtimetotime⑵、一般将来时结构:主+will/shall+其他/主+begoingto+其他/主+be+动-ing+其他…标志词:tomorrow,inthefuture,nextweek,nextSunday,thedayaftertomorrow,in+一段时间,soon,fromnowon⑶、一般过去时结构:主+be(was/were)+其他/主+动词过去式+其他/标志词:一段时间+ago,yesterday,in1945,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,inthepast,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year/night/month…),justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,thismorning,amomentago⑷、现在完成时结构:主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他标志词:ever,never,since,already,yet,just,before,twice,once,threetimes,atthemoment,atpresent/for+时间段;since+时间点/常见的副词:lately,recently,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,inthepastfewyears(months/weeks/days)⑸、现在进行时结构:主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他标志词:now,atthemoment!atthistime,thesedays,Look!Listen!⑹、过去进行时结构:主+be(was/were)+动词现在分词+其他标志词:atthatmoment,atthistimeofyesterday,ateightlastnight,at8:00amyesterday,atthistimelastnight,atthattime⑺、过去完成时结构:主+had+动词过去分词+其他标志词:bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),过去完成时常用在told,said,knew,heard等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。⑻、过去将来时结构:主+would/should+其他/主+was/weregoingto+其他标志词:thenextday/morning/year,thefollowingyear/week/month英语部分语法顺口溜⑴、名词:记住f(e)结尾的名词复数:(把f(e)变成v在加es)妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。“某国人”的单复数:中日不变(Chinese、Japanese)英法变(Englishman/Britishman→Englishmen/Britishmen、Frenchman→Frenchmen)其余s加后面(Australians、Germans、Russians、Americans、Indians、Italians、Koreans、Canadians)巧计名词单复数同形的:中国人和日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish巧记以-o结尾加-es的词:A.“两人两菜”(hero,negro,potato,tomato)B.一句话Negroesandheroesliketoeatpotatoesandtomatoes.巧记不规则名词单变复:男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.⑵、动词:Be动词的用法:我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它,凡是复数都用are感官使役动词“八字言”:一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch半帮助:help(另外还有:notice,taste,smell)感官使役动词用法:感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪;主动句里to走开,被动句里to回来用“不定式”和“动名词”造成的意义上的差别归为五点:不定式动名词A).某一具体行动指一般的、经常的情况B).表示主语和宾语的动作可能表示任何人的动作C).主动被动D).未发生的事已发生的事E).短暂的或可能进行的事延续的或重复发生的事接“不定式”作宾语的动词:(vt+todo)三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择:petend,choose要求跟“不定式”作宾补的动词:(vt+sb/sth+todo)(1)劝教命请叫(advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell)(2)允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)(3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)(4)知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)省去to带双宾的动词:“七给”,“一带”to不少,(vt.+sth直宾+to+sb间宾;vt+sb+sth)(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给…看、send寄给、hand交给)(bring带)“买”“画”“制作”for来了。(vt.+sth直宾+for+sb间宾)(buy、draw、make)既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词:(vt+doing/vt+todo)begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean只能接“动名词”作宾语的动词:(vt+doing)值得、想象、莫回避,建议、坚持别放弃不禁、完成、莫推迟,喜爱、练习不介意错过、考虑、介词to,后接动词加-ing动词:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,permit,appreciate,consider,miss,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,admit,stand(忍受),allow,forbid,excuse短语:giveup,putoff,lookforwardto,feellike,insiston,objectto,prevent…from,setabout,can'thelp,be/getusedto,beworthdoing,benogooddoing,benousedoing,bebusydoing,payattentionto加-ing要双写的常见动词:一m(swim)两d和g(nod,rid)(dig,beg)三n(run,win,begin)四p(dip,drop,mop,stop),十t(sit,hit,fit,set,get,bet,put,regret,forget,pat)(下加线的词,构成过去式、过去分词时,也须双写尾字母)只能接不定式做宾语如:(v+todo)help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)⑶、数词:基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,八减t,九减e,f代ve,几加几要注意,前为基数后为序⑷、其他:对划线部分提问的程序:一代(用疑问词代替划线部分),二移(把疑问词移至句首)三倒(颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外)四抄(照抄其它部分)sometime与sometimes:分开是“一段”,相连是“某时”分开s是“倍次”,相连s是“有时”巧计比较级不规则变化:“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”一是“远”来二是“老”“litter”是少不是小⑸、a和an的用法:Anhourago,anhonestmanacceptedanhonorabletask.(一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。)Inauniversity,aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkalongaone-wayroadwithausualtool.Thisisausualthing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)在26个英文字母中,a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音.宾语从句的主语:一随主,二随宾,三不变。e.g.(1)ShesaidIwillgohome.改:Shesaidthatshewouldgohome.(一随主)(2)ShesaidtomeYoucangowithme..改ShesaidtomethatIcouldgowithher.(二不变)(3)ShesaidtomeHewillgohome.改Shesaidtomethathewouldgohome.(三不变)2.宾语从句中注意时态1.若主语为一般过去时,则宾语从句的时态要变为过去的某一时态。e.g.(1)HesaidIwilgohome.“改Hesaidthathewouldgohome.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)(2)HesaidIhavehadlunch.改Hesaidthathehadhadlunch.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)(3)HesaidIknowalotabouttheteacher.改Hesaidthatheknewalotabouttheteacher.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)(4)HesaidIhadlunch.Hesaidthathehadhadlunch.(一般过去时改为过去完成时)(5)HesaidIamplayinggames改Hesaidthathewasplayinggames.(现在进行时改为过去进行时)特殊HesaidTheearthgoesaroundthesun.改Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroungthesun.(当直接引语中表示客观事实时,时态不受主句影响)3.直接引语变间接引语时,要注意时间状语的改变。e.g.Hesaid‘Iamlisteningtomusicnow.改Hesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicthen.(此句中now改为then)后面不举例了,时间状语按下面改就对了now=thentoday=thatdaytonight=thatnightthismorning\week=thatmorning\weektomorrow=thefollowing\nextdayyesterday=thedaybeforelastmouth=themonthbeforeago=beforehere=there(上面左为直接引语中的时间状语,右为间接引语的时间状语)4.最后是指示代词要变t