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英语听力辨音---AboutphoneticsoundPhoneticAlphabetStops爆破音爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g//p,b/pearbearpullbullparkbarkripribcapcabcupcubhappyshabbysimplesymbol/t,d/taredareteardearseatseedbetbedhathadwriterriderputtingpuddingcentersenderdeadlockwidth/d/发音轻、快，基本略过在清辅音后读[t]。worked,finished,helped,hoped,liked,joked,stopped在元音和浊辅音后读[d]。followed,stayed,called,entered,believed,lived,tried,copied,planned在辅音[t,d]后读[id]。wanted,rested,needed,fitted,admitted规则动词的过去式和过去分词怎么发音？/k,g/cardguardcurlgirlcavegavebackbagdockdogpickpigankleangletickingdiggingclockgladkeenFrictionconsonants摩擦音由发音器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发出的声音/f,θ,s,ʃ,h//v,ð,z,ʒ,r/voicelessconsonantsvoicedconsonants/f/&/v/Theconsonants/f,v/soundsaremadebypressingthelowerlipagainsttheupperteethallowingtheairtoforceitswaybetweenthem.下唇轻触上齿/f/fan/feel/fail/safe/café/refuse/fault/fast/funny/comfortable/v/view/valley/vows/very/vase/five/love/living/lovely/have下唇轻触上齿Problemwith/v/Itmaybeconfusedwith/w/E.g.vet兽医wetvest背心westveil面纱whalevain虚荣wane衰退veal小牛肉wheelvent出口wentverse诗worsevia经过wirevile卑鄙的whilevine藤wine/θ/&/ð/Theconsonants/θ,ð/soundsaremadebyputtingthetipofthetonguebetweentheupperandlowerteethallowingtheairtopassbetweenthetipofthetongueandtheupperteeth.舌尖齿背摩擦音/θ/thumb/thread/birth/author/death/ð/that/mother/father/those/these/s/&/z/Theyaremadebyraisingthetipofthetonguetowardtheupperteethridgewiththeaircomingoutofthenarrowpassagebetweenthem.Majorpointswhileproducingthesound:Touchyoursideteethwiththesidesofyourtongue.Putyourtongueforward.Useyourvoicewhileproducing/z/,butnot/s/./s/sit/stand/rice/juice/song/stage/see/glass/city/artist/z/zoo/zip/rise/dies/dozen/lazy/always/prize/cousinPhrases/s/asilverspoonsomethingsweetaspecialseasoninthegrasssingasongasadstory/z/Susan’szipperasimpledesignazigzagpathSeasandoceanswhosedeskssistersandbrothers单词后加s/es何时读/z//s//iz/?1.一般情况下，结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。desks,maps,lakes,fields2.在以s,x,.sh,ch等结尾的词加-es读作[iz]。buses,brushes,watches,boxes3.从词尾-f或-fe变化而来的复数词尾-ves读作[vz]。thieves,shelves,knives,leaves,roofs4.从“辅音+y”结尾的名词变化而来的复数词尾-ies读作[iz]。parties,factories,families,universities5.有些以“辅音+o”结尾的名词，虽然复数加-es，但发音读作[z],不读作[iz]。heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,radios6.以-th结尾的名词复数加-s，读作[z]或[s]。baths,youths,paths,months,lengthsNotice:名词复数的读音规则也适合于动词第三人称单数词尾所加的-s或-es。/ʃ/&/ʒ/Theconsonants/ʃ,ʒ/soundsaremadebypushingoutthelips,raisingthetipofthetonguetowardthefrontpartofthehardpalate(硬腭、齿龈较后部位)forminganarrowchannel.Notice:舌端贴近但不贴住上齿龈舌两侧向上鄂卷起，舌中间形成狭长的通道双唇向前突出，略成圆形JoiningsoundsEnglishshopsIrishsheetsDanishshipsPolishshirts/ʃ/special/washing/machine/fisher/sharp//ʒ/leisure/treasure/usual/invasion/measure/ʃ/shcialch(machine)tionsion/ʒ/suresusion/h/&/r/The/h/aremadebyopeningthemouthandsighinarelaxedmanner,withvoice.The/r/soundismadebyputtingthetipofthetonguenear,butnottouching,thebackpartoftheupperteethridge;themainbodyofthetongueiskeptlowandthefrontisheldconcaveallowingairtoescape.Note:1)Theletter‘r’issilentinthesewords.2)Whenthereisnovowelfollowingit,‘r’issilent.NewYorklaterquarterdepartweatherairportafternoonannouncerorderpassengerssirearlierforbiddenaredeparturewonderfulbeerforecasterGermandearsupermarketupstairsfourmarvelousmoreemergencytherestormsureworseAffricates破擦音：由一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成。发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈成发[t]、[d]的姿势，形成气流的完全阻碍。随后让气流冲破这种阻碍轻微爆破后立即发出第二个摩擦音，即先爆破后摩擦，两音密合，发成一个音。/tθ//dʒ//ts//dz//tr//dr//t∫//dʒ//t∫/haveachat/thechiefeditorachildofnature/cherishit/dʒ/jumpatthechance/joinhands/juice/aplainJane/tr//dr//tr/发音时，舌身采取发/r/的姿势，但舌尖要贴在齿龈后部，气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的/t/后，立即发/r//dr/发音时，舌身采取发/r/的姿势，但舌尖要贴在齿龈后部，气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的/d/后，立即发/r//tr/treetreattrim整洁的tracktruetread踩踏/dr/drydrinkdreamdropdrawdraindrivedread畏惧/tr//t∫/treat–cheattrees–cheesetrip–chiptrain–chaintrace–chase/dr//dʒ/dressed–jest（开玩笑）drug–jugdrudge－judge做苦工/ts//dz//ts/发音时，舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。/dz/发音时，舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔，声带振动。/ts/beatsseatssheetsletscatsartslotspotscutshurtsshortsboots/dz/readsbeadsbedsaddsladscardsgodslordsbirdsNasalConsonants鼻音/n//ŋ/TontongueSinsingWinwingKin家人KingTantangBanbangBunbung塞子连读1.在同一个意群中,相邻的两个词,前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,往往要拼在一起连读。Heisastudent.(is与a要连读)Thatisarightanswer.(That与is,is和a,right和answer都可以连读)I'llbebackinhalfanhour.(back和in,half和an,an与hour都可以连读)。2.在同一个意群中的两个单词,如果前面的单词以r或re结尾,后面的单词以元音音素开头,则r或re要发/r/音,并与其后的元音音素相拼。hereandthere连读时往往读作/hiErEnd`TZE/。apairofshoes连读时读作/E`pZErEv`FU:z/.Notice：连读现象只出现在意群内部，意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件，也不连读。Ihopeit\'llgetalittlewarmer.这个句子中的hopeit就不连读为/hupit/，因为主句Ihope是一个意群，后面的从句是另一个意群。不完全爆破在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作不完全爆破。1./p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时,前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地。彻底地进行爆破。如:Hehasaba(d)col(d)today.Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.2.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/tʃ/,/dʒ/,/θ/,/ð/的前面时不完全爆破。如:Haveyourea(d)thebookabou(t)tha(t)child。Thethir(d)chairisbroken.3.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/的前面时不完全爆破。如:Goo(d)morning,sir.Goo(d)night.Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.注意:不完全爆破可以发生在单词。短语或句子中。Practicebeachbitchships