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第七讲非谓语动词重难点、考点一、动名词和不定式句法功能的区别二、分词作状语的区别三、tobedone/beingdone/done作后置定语的区别四、with的复合结构五、独立主格结构难点一动名词和不定式句法功能的区别1.作主语◆Smokingisprohibitedhere.◆Itisnotverygoodfortheteacherstosmokeatschool.（抽象）（具体）2.作表语◆MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.◆Myjobistoteachthechildrenasongthisafternoon.（习惯、爱好）(将来要发生的行为）3.作宾语（1）V.+doing/todo：意义相近begin，start，love，like，hate，dislike，continue，prefer,…（2）V.+doing/todo：意义不同remember，forget，regret，try，mean,stop,goon,cannothelp,…（3）V.+doing=V.+tobedone.want,need,require,deserve,难点二分词作状语的区别形式意义doing与句中主语是主动关系，与句中谓语（基本）同时发生havingdone与句中主语是主动关系，先于句子谓语动作发生done与句中主语是被动关系havingbeendone与句中主语是被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生小试牛刀1.__________(give)moretime,Icoulddoitbetter.2.Thesunisshining,_________(give)uslightandheat.3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,________（add）thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.4.__________(base)onatruestory,thefilmComingHomeisappealingtotheaudience,5.Ithasrainedfortwoweeks,completely_________(ruin)ourholiday.GivengivingaddingBasedruining6._________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.7.If_____(ask)tolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.8.EarlythisyearcruelsnowstormshitsouthernChina,__________(cause)greattransportationproblemsinsomeareas.9.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,_________(follow)bysomestudents.10._________________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.FoundedaskedcausingfollowedHavingbeentold难点三tobedone/beingdone/done作后置定语的区别1.Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingnextweekisveryserious.2.Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingnowisveryserious.3.Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayisveryserious.tobedone:被动、将来beingdone:被动、正在进行done:被动、完成1.Theairport_______nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted2.Thewitnesses_____bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquestioned3.Listen!Thesong______isverypopularwiththeteenagers.A.singingB.beingsungC.sungD.tobesungBAB难点四with的复合结构with+宾语+doingwith+宾语+donewith+宾语+todowith+宾语+adj./adv./prep-phrase•WithyouhelpingmewheneverI’mintrouble,Ifeelverygratefultoyou.•Withhiskeylost,hecouldn’tgetintotheoffice.•Withalargefamilytosupport,heworkeddayandnight.•Hestoodtheretrembling,withhisfaceredwithcold.•Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.•Heisdeepinthought,withhisheadinhishands.（主动、正在进行）（被动、完成）（被动、未来动作）Practice：1.Withflowersandtrees__________(plant)everywhere,thecitytookonanewlook.2.Withtheguide____________(lead)theway,wearrivedthedestinationintime.3.Witheverythingneeded________(buy),theyleftthestorewithsatisfaction.4.Withsomethingnecessary___________(purchase),wedecidetogotothesupermarket.plantedleadingboughttopurchase难点五独立主格结构独立主格结构：“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语，表示“时间、条件、原因、伴随，方式或结果”等含义。可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。注意：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。功能和用法•(1).名词/代词+现在分词•Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.•冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。•Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.•由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。•(2).名词/代词+过去分词•Homeworkfinished,theboywentouttoplay.•作业完成之后，这个男孩出去玩了。•（3）名词/代词+不定式•Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.•这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。•(4)名词/代词+形容词•Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.•这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。•(5)名词(代词)+副词•Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.•散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。•Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.•灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。•(6)名词/代词+介词短语•Thehuntsmanenteredtheforest,guninhand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。•(7)名词/代词+名词•Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.•两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。总结特点•1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。•2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。•3）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。1.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.2.Theexperimentfinished,thestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.3.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.4.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.构成：n./pron.+doing/donen./pron.+adj./adv./todo./prep-phrase.①ThetouristsvisitedmanyscenicspotsinBeijing,(with)theguideactingasinterpreter.②(With)Hishomeworkfinished,hefeltveryhappy.③OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,(with)papersinhishand.Summary一、动名词和不定式句法功能的区别二、分词作状语的区别三、tobedone/beingdone/done作后置定语的区别四、with的复合结构五、独立主格结构非谓语动词专题训练Keys:单选：ABBADCDDCBDCDDABABADDBBBD难题解析3._____thechapterfourtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthor’stheory．A．ReadingB．HavingreadC．ToreadD．ReadB解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词read与主句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式：havingdone。难题解析6.Generally,_____toauniversityintheUSA,foreignstudentsneedtoprovetheirstrongabilityinusingEnglish.A.admittingB.admittedC.tobeadmittedD.beingadmittedC解析：本题考查不定式作目的状语。beadmittedto在此解释为“被…录取”，tobeadmittedtoauniversityintheUSA:为了被美国的大学录取。难题解析7.---Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?---Yes.Theyareaccustomed____________atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalkingD解析：本题考查动名词作宾语。词组beaccustomedtodoing…:习惯干某事，动名词的否定式：notdoing,即：beaccustomedtonottalking.难题解析11.Theguideaskedusagainifwehadeverbeentothetemple________theMingDynasty.A.datedbacktoB.thatdatebacktoC.datebacktoD.datingbacktoD解析：本题考查分