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简单句、并列句和复合句简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句的五种基本结构：１.主语＋谓语动词（vi.)Theboycried.Thelittleboycriedsadly.2.主语＋谓语动词(vt.)+宾语Theyalllikehimverymuch.Iplayedbasketballwithmyfriendsyesterday.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Myfathergavememoney.Myfathergavemoneytome.4.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语ShenamedherbabyJohn.Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.Youkeptmewaitingforayear.5.主语+连系动词+表语Heisanengineer.Thecakesmellsdelicious.句子分析1.Maryisapopsinger.2.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.Wegavehimawarmwelcome.4.MarkTwainwrotemanybooks.5.Isawhimgoingupstairs.主+系+表主+谓主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾主+谓+宾+宾补并列句:由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。表并列、转折、递进、选择等关系。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。复合句:由一个主句和若干个从句组成的句子。1.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.3.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语从句(TheObjectClause)什么是宾语？•宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。•宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。•英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也有宾语。另外，某些形容词后也可有宾语。宾语的用法宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。一.名词作宾语Showyourpassport,please.二.代词作宾语Shedidn'tsayanything.三.数词作宾语Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.四.名词化的形容词作宾语Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.五.不定式或ing形式作宾语Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.六.从句作宾语Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?双宾语有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.Eg:Theygavehimawatch.这里的him是间接宾语,awatch是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.1.IshowedthemaptoBen.(themap是直接宾语，Ben是间接宾语)2.Givemeacupoftea,please.（me是间接宾语，acupoftea是直接宾语）复合宾语在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.WecallhimJack.（这里him是宾语,Jack是宾语补足语）Theyappointedhimchairman.（这里的him是宾语,chairman是宾语补足语.）1.IfindlearningEnglishdifficult(difficult是形容词,做宾补）2.Isawthekiteupanddown.（upanddown是副词,做宾补）宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。连词that引导宾语从句，表陈述意义。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。1.that在宾语从句中可以省略。Ibelieve(that)heishonest.2.当谓语动词后有多个宾语从句并列时，只有第一个从句的that可省，其余不可省。Ithink(that)heishonestandthathealwayskeepshispromise.3.that从句被短语、词组等将其与谓语动词分开时，that不可省略。Everyonecouldsee,Ibelieve,thatMikewasverysad.连词if和whether引导宾语从句，不做任何成分，但有意义，表示“是否”。1.if与whether一般可以互换。我不知道它是否有趣。Idon’tknowif/whetheritisinteresting.2.作介词的宾语或接不定式时，只能用whether一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.我无法决定是否要呆多一个小时。Ican’tdecidewhethertostayforanotherhour.3.whether和if后面都可以加ornot,连用时只能用whetherornot.Idon’tknowwhether/ifitisinterestingornot.Idon’tknowwhetherornotitisinteresting.4.whether引导宾语从句可置于句首，但if不可以。WhetheritisinterestingIdon'tknow.1.Idon’tknow＿＿＿＿tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who2.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which1.Doyouknowwhowonthegame?2.Idon'tknowwho/whomJohnisspeakingto?3.PleaserememberwhatIsaidtoyoujustnow.4.Haveyoudeterminedwhichbookyoushouldbuy?1.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等引导宾语从句，有明确的意义。一般作从句的主语、宾语、定语。1.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.2.Couldyoutellmehowyoudidit?3.Noneofusknowswherethesenewbookscanbebought.4.Iwonderwhyhedidn’tcallme.连接副词when,where,why,how等引导宾语从句，具有明确的意义，在从句中作状语。1.动词doubt在肯定句中接whether/if从句，在否定句和疑问句中接that从句。1.Doyoudoubt____shewillsucceed?你是否怀疑她会成功？2.Idoubt_________hewillkeephisword.我怀疑他能否遵守诺言。3.Ihavenodoubt____hewillwinthegame.我很肯定他将会赢得比赛。thatif/whetherthat宾语从句的特殊情况2.可使用形式宾语it的宾语从句动词find,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,为保持句子平衡，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+引导词+从句1.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.2.IthinkitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.3.ImakeitarulethatIkeepadiaryeveryday.1.Idon’tthinkthathewillcometomyparty.2.Idon’tbelievethatthemaniskilledbyJim.宾语从句的否定前置主句谓语动词think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,guess等后面接否定意义的宾语从句时，且主语是第一人称时，需将从句的否定前置到主句。1.Isuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．2.Heorderedthatwe(should)gooutatonce.3.MyparentsadvisethatI(should)notwatchtoomuchTV.4.在表示建议（suggest,advise,propose）、要求（demand,desire,request）、决定（decide）、命令(order,command,require)、坚决主张(insist)等动词后跟宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略。5.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”，还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。Eg:1.Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.2.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.特殊情况：如果从句是What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’sthetrouble?What’sgoingon?则不需改成陈述句语序。1.Canyoutellmewhat’sthematter?2.Heaskedmewhatwasgoingon.1.IamsureIwillpasstheexam.2.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.3.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.6.形容词的宾语从句一些形容词后也可以接宾语从句，常接宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry，afraid，satisfied,surprised。1.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat2.Hedidn’tknow__________A.what’sthematterB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas3.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwas4.Iwanttoknow_____A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。(1)Idon