非谓语动词(二)

极端重要的非谓语动词（二）开渠高二（6）分词分词：现在分词/过去分词分词（现在分词/过去分词）具有形容词和副词的性质在句中作定语/表语/宾补/状语成分现在分词和过去分词的区别：一.现在分词表示“主动/进行”的含义二.过去分词：1.及物动词的过去分词======“被动，完成”的含义2.不及物动词的过去分词======“完成”的含义gathervt.采集agirlgaheringflowerstheflowersgatheredthismorningcatchvt.抓看两个短语thepolicemancatchingthievesthethiefcaughtinthesupermarketfallvi.下落fallingleavesfallenleavesboilvi.沸腾boilingwaterboiledwater一.分词作定语单个分词作定语，放在所修饰的名词前。Thesleepingboyismyson.Alostopportunityneverreturns.Thearrestedmurderer(凶手）willbetriedsoon.Doyouknowtheworkingteacher?分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词后Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.ThisisabookwrittenbyLuxun.Doyouknowthegirldancingwithyourbrother?分词作表语作表语的分词多数已转化成形容词Excitevt.使……激动exciting令人激动的excited激动的Surprisevt.使……惊奇Sueprising令人惊奇的Surprised惊奇的Encouragevt.鼓励Encouraging令人鼓舞的Encouraged受鼓舞的请说出一下分词转化来的形容词的意思Shocked/shockingDisappointed/disappointingPuzzled/puzzlingInteresting令人感兴趣的（有趣的）Interested感兴趣的Thenewsis-------(exciting/excited)Thebookis-------(interesting/interested)Iwas---------(shocked/shocking)whenIheardthenews.分词作状语（修饰谓语动词）可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。现在分词作状语1.现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生2.现在分词的逻辑主语和句子主语是同一人或同一事物Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacross（偶遇）myoldfriend.Seeingnobodyin，Idecidedtocomeagain.过去分词作状语1.过去分词表示“被动，完成”2.过去的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语是同一人或同一事物。Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital(原因）Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.请看看以下句子用现在分词还是过去分词以及分词在其中分别担任什么状语--------fromthetopofthemountain,thetreeslookverybeautiful.Seeing/seen----------bythespiritsofthe16thcongress,wewokedevenharder.Inspired/inspiring------thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.Hearing/heardThesickwomancamein,-------byherhusband.Supported/supportingHedroppedthecupontheground,-----itintopieces.Broken/breaking分词（现在分词/过去分词）作宾语补足语分词作宾补，常放在感官动词see,hear,listento,notice,watch,observe(观察）,lookat以及使役动词have(使，让），keep（使保持….状态），leave（使处于…..状态）等后。现在分词作宾补，表示“主动，进行”Weheardhimsinginginthenextroom.Ismellsomethingburning.过去分词作宾补表示“被动，完成”Iheardmynamecalled.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodIheardthesongsunginEnglishWhat’sthelanguage______inGermany?AspeakingBspokenCbespokenDtospeakPricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.AareboughtBboughtCbeenboughtDbuying.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.AFollowedBFollowedbyCBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollowedTherewasaterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.AfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowed_____,liquidscanbechangedintogases.AHeatingBTobeheatedCHeatedDHeatWhen______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.AcompletedBcompletingCbeingcompletedDtobecompletedThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout现在分词的各种形式现在分词的一般式(doing)Workinginthecountryside,welearnedalotoffromthepeasants.（现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生）现在分词一般式的被动式“being+过去分词”TheEnglishnovelbeingtranslatedbytheeditornowwillbecompletedinOctober.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary现在分词的完成式(havingdone)表示：现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前现在分词完成式只能作状语Havingworkedallday,Iwenttobedearly.（表原因）Havingfinishedhishomework,hestoptohavearest.（表原因）现在分词的完成式的被动式“having+been+过去分词”Havingbeenlaughedathislooksduringthechildhood,theboyisstillverysensitiveabouthisappearancesofar.由于童年时相貌被嘲笑，男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感请看以下的句子现在分词用一般式还是完成式Hesatintheemptyhouse,______verylonely.（表伴随）(feel)__________hishomework,hestoptohavearest.（表原因）(finish)Thechildfelloffthetree,______hisheadagainsttheground.（表结果）(hit)___________quiteafewearthquakes,Ididn'tfeelfrightenedanymore.(原因状语)(experience)现在分词的否定式在现在分词前加notnotdoing/nothavingdoneNotreadingcarefully,hedidn’tfindmanythingshehadnotknownbeforeNothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.专项训练1._____________theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.HavingthrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause3.hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft4.fromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.A.HavingseenB.SeenC.SeeingD.Tosee5.whenthenews,shegotfrightened.A.HearingB.TohearC.HavingheardD.Beingheard6.inthequeneforhalfanhour,theoldmanrealizedthathehadlosthiswallet.A.HavingwaitedB.TowaitC.WaitingD.HavingbeenwaitedThankyou!