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非谓语动词1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。2．形式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。逻辑主语能发出该动作（发）逻辑主语不能发出该动作（收）不发不收用结构：动词不定式：用结构。动名词：用结构。分词：用独立主格结构1．不定式作主语：Warmupexercises:1)changethefollowingintotheinfinitive1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.2)changethesentencesaboveintotheonesusing“it”asinformal.3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况，这些形容词是：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongforthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.2．不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.4.Theyappeared_____(agree)withwhatwesaid.不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。3．不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,etc.Theywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.4.不定式作宾语补足语A)1.Ididn’twantmyparents______(help)me.2.We’dpreferyou_______(take)thejobinsteadofZhang.3.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom______(clean).4.Myparentsexpectme_______(go)toaidealuniversity.5.Joanpromisedthedinner______(cook)beforewereturned.6.Thedoctoradvisedthepatient______(take)twopillseveryfourhours.7.Hedeterminedme_______(tell)everything.B)(watch,have(使)hear,observe,make,feel,listen(to),let,notice,seeetc.+sb+动词原形+sth+doneWecan’tletthis______(go)on.Johnmadehim______(tell)everything.Thetwoboysweresorryindeedtoseehim______(go).Wefeltthehouse______(shake)intheearthquake.Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______(talk)?Haveyoueverheardhim______(tell)alie?Whowouldyouliketohave______(go)?Whowouldyouliketohave______(go)with?Wesawthehouse______(burn)tothegroundwhenwereachedthere.5.不定式作定语Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.TheonlythingthatIwanttogetisthediamondnecklace.Everythingthatisdoneneedspraising.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosay?Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.6.不定式作状语。状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果要用不定式。A)Substitution:Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbus.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish______________contactforeignersfreely.Hewassofrightenedthathecouldhardlysayanything.Hewas______frightened_______sayanything.Hewassoyoungthathecouldnotgotoschool.Hewas_____young_____gotoschool.B)1.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____(find)thetrainleft.动名词1．动名词作主语A)1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列巨型常用动名词：Itis+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…Thereisno+doing….如：It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruthrightnow.不定式与动名词的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.B)关于逻辑主语的问题1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomingD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.2．动名词作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis______(bite)nails（指甲）.3．动名词作宾语mecafps+doing(mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escapeconsider,admit(承认)advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,practise,suggest,stop)delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,etc.以及介词后接动名词doingHewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_____(go)away.Practise_____(put)yourhandtotheground.Ican’thelp______(have)thetriptoBritain.Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.Leaveoff______(bite)yournails!Hedidn’tfeellike______(work),sohesuggested_____(spend)thedayinthegarden.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss_______(see)thewonderfulfilm.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.Icouldn’timaginethat______(be)possible.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.Wecan’tstand______(pooh-pooh)everynewidea.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.Canyouimagine______(leave)s