非谓语动词、并列句、主从复合句重点归纳

一、非谓语动词非谓语动词常见错误：一个句子中常出现2个谓语动词，不符合句子的正确语法结构。解决办法：1、用逗号及连词连接两个简单句2、应用非谓语动词形式非谓语动词的分类1、不定式（表主动、表将来）HedecidedtomarryMary.2、-ing形式1）动名词（表一件事）IlikelearningEnglish.2)现在分词（表主动或进行）Westoodthere,chatting.3、-ed形式（表被动或完成）TheappleeatenbyTomismine.要点之一当非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式。及老师们平常所强调的时间差.比如：HavingfinishedmyEnglishhomework,IgoouttoplaywithMary.否则，就用一般式:FinishingmyEnglishhomework,Ifeelrelaxed.要点之二（属语法规定，需记忆）以下动词只能接不定式：asksbtodosth;demandsbtodosth;plantodosth;intendtodosth;meantodosth;managetodosth;do/tryone’sbesttodosth;makeanattempttodosth;learntodosth;wishtodosth;hopetodosth;desiretodosth;expecttodosth;longtodosth(希望去做)；wanttodosth;wouldliketodosth;shouldliketodosth;wouldprefertodosth;agreetodosth;promisetodosth;decidetodosth;determinetodosth;choosetodosth;makeadecisiontodosth;makeupone’smindtodosth;offertodosth;applytodosth;helptodosth;failtodosth;preparetodosth;pretendtodosth;refusetodosth;happentodosth;affordtodosth以下动词只能接动名词：Allowdoingsth;permitdoingsth;considerdoingsth;suggestdoingsth;advisedoingsth;keep(on)doingsth;finishdoingsth;imaginedoingsth;practisedoingsth;understanddoingsth;appreciatedoingsth;enjoydoingsth;missdoingsth;preventdoingsth;forbiddoingsth;escapedoingsth;includedoingsth;Includedoingsth;forgivedoingsth;pardondoingsth;excusedoingsth;dislikedoingsth;discussdoingsth;reportdoingsth;admitdoingsth;minddoingsth;riskdoingsth;can’tstanddoingsth;burstoutdoing;feellikedoingsth;insistondoingsth;delaydoingsth;putoffdoingsth;giveupdoingsth;bebusydoingsth;beworthdoingsth.注意区别一下几组短语Remembertodo&rememberdoingForgettodo&forgetdoingRegrettodo®retdoingTrytodo&trydoingGoontodo&goondoingMeantodo&meandoingStoptodo&stopdoingCan’thelptodo&can’thelpdoing要点之三“需要”主动表被动的情况NeeddoingWantdoingRequiredoing也可以用不定式的被动式如：needtobedoneTheflowerneedswatering.Theflowerneedstobewatered.要点之四省略to的情况：MakesbdosthLetsbdosthHavesbdosth比较：Havetheboystandoutoftheclassroom,heissonoisy.Don’thavetheboystandingoutoftheclassroom,it’ssocoldoutside.另，hearsbdosth,&hearsbtobedoneseesbdosth,&seesbtobedonewatchsbdosth&watchsbtobedone要点之五注意这组词的运用：1)Lost&MissingMywalletislost/missing.Thisisthemissingchild.Lostinthought,Ididn’trealizewhathadhappened.2)Faced&facingFacedwithsomanydifficulties,Ichooseto…Facingsomanydifficulties,Ichooseto…二、并列句并列句多见于基础写作部分。学生常见错误在于缺少用连词的习惯，该部分要认真记忆，《名师》P232页。要点之一平行结构固定句型not…but..ThemanisnotTombutJim.either…or；neither…nor(就近原则)Eitherheoryouareright.notonly..butalso..(就近原则)Notonlymenbutalsowomenwerechosen.wouldrather…than..(接动词原型)PLAsoldierswouldratherdiekneelingthanlivestanding.rather…than(就远原则)YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.aswellas(就远原则)Jim,aswellashisparents,isgoingtoBeijingforholiday.要点之二固定结构：祈使句+or/and+简单句/陈述句（表结果）。比如：Turnleft,andyouwillseethetoilet.Shutup,oryouwillgetbeaten.三、主从复合句主从复合句的重要性是高中语法板块中的重中之重。是高考的必考项目。考试中常出现在：语法、写作、口语考试第三部分等主从复合句的分类1、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2、状语从句：时间状语从句、地点、原因、让步、条件、方式、比较、目的、结果状语从句等3、定语从句：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句（同学们应相对应的找一个例句加以记忆、理解）要点之一在表示“是否”时，引导宾语从句可用if或whether,但在介词后或者与ornot连用时只能用whether;引导表语从句、同位语从句或者位于句首的主语从句时候，只能用whether,不能用if.(技巧：什么时候都用whether,不会错的)Askhimwhetherhecancomeornot.Iwonderwhether/ifIcangetsomemoneyformyou.要点之二that引导名词性从句时候，没有任何意义，是一个纯连词；但that引导定语从句时候是关系代词，代表先行词，在句子中担当成分，以后实在的意义。思考：TomtoldmethathehadeatentheapplethatMaryboughtfromthemarketthismorning.要点之三定语从句中只能用that,不用which的几种情况：1、当先行词为all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone时，或者先行词被all,little,few,much,any，no修饰时。2、当先行词是序数词或者最高级时，或他们修饰的时候。3、当先行词同时包括人和物时候。如：Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.要点之四非限制性定语从句中which和as的用法区别：1、which用于句中，as用多于句首，有时句中。2、which理解成“这”；as理解成“正如”3、as引导的定语从句表示周所周知的事情。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisabigcountry.4、as常用于一些固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase;asweexpected;asoftenhappens;asisknowntoall;ashasbeensaidbefore;asismentionedabove等，要求大家记忆并运用。