现代大学英语精读5 lesson 4 Professions for Women

Lesson4ProfessionsforWomenContentsWarmup&Preview1Background2TextAnalysis3Extension4ContentsWarmup:sexismagainstwomenBackground:VirginiaWoolf;StreamofConsciousnessTextappreciation:theorganizationofthespeech;thecharacteristicoflanguageinthespeech;therhetoricaldevicesExtension:introductiontothemostinfluentialwomenintheworldInwhichfieldsarewomendiscriminated?IhavetokeepsilentSexismagainstWomenTheterm'sexism'ismostcommonlyappliedtosexismagainstwomen,andexpressedbyeithermenorwomeniscalledmalechauvinism.Historically,inmanypatriarchalsocieties,womenhavebeenandareviewedastheweakersex.Women'slowerstatuscanbeseenincases.•equalityunderthelaw,•politicalrepresentationofwomen,•accesstoeducationandemployment,•language•womenvictimsofdomesticviolence,•self-ownershipofawoman'sbody,•thepossibleimpactofpornographyonwomenThefeministmovementpromoteswomen'srightstoendsexismagainstwomenbyaddressingissues.[pɔ:’nɔgrəfi:]色情描绘,Women’ssocialstatuswomendidnotreceivethevoteintheU.S.until1920andintheU.K.until1918.NewZealand1894,Australia1914,Britain1918(over30,and1928forallwomen)America(1920)Japan(1954)China(1953)Inasurvey,thepercentageofwomenaged15–49whothoughtthatahusbandisjustifiedinhittingorbeatinghiswifeundercertaincircumstances,was90%inJordan,85.6%inGuinea[‘ɡini],85.4%inZambia,81.2%inLaos,and81%inEthiopia[i:θi’əupjə]Womeninthepasthavebeenexcludedfromhighereducation.Whenwomenwereadmittedtohighereducation,theywereencouragedtomajorinsubjectsthatwereconsideredlessintellectual;thestudyofEnglishliteratureinEnglishandU.S.collegesanduniversitieswasinfactinstitutedasafieldofstudyconsideredsuitabletowomen'slesserintellects.“Womenhavehistoricallybeenexcludedfromparticipationinmanyprofessions.Whenwomenhavegainedentryintoapreviouslymaleprofession,theyhavefacedmanyadditionalobstaclesProfessionaldiscriminationcontinuestoday,accordingtostudiesdonebyCornellUniversityandothers.Ithasbeenhypothesizedthatgenderbiashasbeeninfluencingwhichscientificresearchgetspublished.ThishypothesiscoincideswithatestconductedattheUniversityofTorontoledbyAmberBudden.Basedontheresultsofthisstudy,almost10percentoffemaleauthorsgettheirpaperspublishedwhentheirgenderishidden.Womenalsoearn5-25%lesswageastheirmalecounterparts.Amaleandfemalecouldbedoingthesamejob,butthemalewillusuallyalwaysearnmorethanawomandoingtheexactsamejob.Manycountriesaroundtheworldmakeitmandatory(强制的，义务的）formalestojointhemilitary,butnotfemales.Menat18yearsofageintheUnitedStatesarerequiredtoregisterformilitaryconscriptiontobedraftedtowarormilitaryservice.Pre-classworkTeachingHours:8Pre-classworkforLessonfour1AreportontheprofessionalwomeninChina.(allthegroups)2.BackgroundinformationofVirginiaWoolf(works,contribution,influence,writingstyle)3.Modernism(time.Characteristics,representatives,influence)4.Thecharacteristicsofthelanguageinthisessay.(usingspecificexamplestoexplain)5.Findouttherhetoricaldevicesinthisessayandexplainhowtheyfunctionintheessay.BackgroundHereducationHerhealthHerprofessionsHermarriage3MentalbreakdownsInherfather’slibraryAbookreviewer;HostinggatheringsofartistsandwritersAnovelistandessayistLeonardWoolf,awriteronpoliticsandeconomicsHerWritingStyleexperimentationandinnovationinnovelwritingthepsychologicalrealmofhercharactersandthemoment-by-momentexperienceoflivingthetechniquesofinteriormonologueandstreamofconsciousnesspoeticandsymbolicquality,subtlestyleandrichhistoricalandliteraryreferenceStreamofConsciousnessApsychologicaltermStreamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual'spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter'sthoughtprocesses.1.Pilgrimage(1915-1938)byDorothyRichardson,2.Ulysses(1922)byJamesJoyce,3.Mrs.Dalloway(1925)byVirginiaWoolf1.Monologue2.Psycho-analysis3.Montage4.PoeticandmusicalqualitySticktogetherpiecesofpaperorphotographstoformanartisticimage;heusedhiscomputertomakeacollageofpicturesHermajorworksTheVoyageOut(1915)《远航）NightandDay(1919)《时时刻刻》Jacob’sRoom(1922)《雅各布的房间）Mrs.Dalloway(1925)《黛洛维夫人》TotheLighthouse(1927)《到灯塔去》Orlando:ABiography(1928)《奥兰多》ARoomofOne’sOwn(1929)《自己的房间》TheWaves(1931)《海浪》TheYears(1937)《岁月）ThreeGuineas《三个基尼）BetweentheActs《幕间》闹鬼的屋子及其他（TheHauntedHouseandOthers)（短篇小说集）ModernismModernliterarypractices.Also,theprinciplesofaliteraryschoolthatlastedroughlythebeginningthe20thcenturyuntiltheendofWorldWarII.Modernismisdefinedbyitsrejectionoftheliteraryconventionsofthenineteenthcenturyandbyitsoppositiontoconventionalmorality,taste,traditionsandeconomicvalues.现代主义意识流小说1、意识流小说是20世纪初期（20年代）兴起于西方，以表现人们的意识流动、展示恍惚迷离的心灵世界为主的小说。认为文学应表现人物的意识流动，尤其是表现潜意识的活动，人的意识流动遵循的是“心理时间”，而非物理时间。2、它以象征暗示、内心独白、自由联想等意识流的创作方法为主要特征，在本世纪20—30年代英、美、法等国形成一个颇为壮观的现代主义文学流派。3、意识流小说家所运用的艺术手法各有侧重，但艺术特征是共同的：“作家退出小说”；情节淡化；大量的内心独白和自由联想；时空交替和心理时间；象征暗示和对比联想；语言使用上的创新和变异。4、代表作家是爱尔兰的乔伊斯和英国的伍尔芙，法国的普鲁斯特和美国的福克钠。特点详细解说：1、内心独白：意识流小说直接展示所思所感，展示心理的原生态，不加以条理化、逻辑化，作家退出小说，主观干预较少，注重表现人物的意识活动本身。2、采用自由联想的方式，在某对象上稍许停留，任何外在的刺激都可以打断从前的思维过程而展开新的思绪。3、主观性、随意性强，常打破时空限制，跳跃性较大，从心理结构组织流程，而传统小说多在时空的推移中展开情节。4、内容和题材上，传统小说往往全知全能，而在意识流小说中作家地位下降，读者的参与性加