英汉互译定语从句翻译解析

定语从句的翻译AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAttributiveStructures英汉定语结构的对比Thisisthecat.这就是那只猫Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake。*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。英汉定语结构的特点英语右开放结构汉语在封闭结构TransaltionofRestrictiveAttributiveClauses限制性定语从句译法1.Combination合并法在句式较短的情况下，译成“……的”结构。例1.Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。例2.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。Mr.Taylor,whohadbeensilentbefore,spokeoutsuddenly.刚才一直沉默不语的泰勒先生突然开口了。Practice2.Division分译法化整为零，分别翻译，独立成句。对于长而复杂的定语结构可用此法。例：TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.他们正在为实现一个埋想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自已的生命。PracticeThisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.这是一所科技大学，该校学生将培养成工程师或科学工作者。3.Mixture混合法打破原文的定语结构，译者根据自己的理解，译出原文的意思。例1.Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。例2.Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricityandtheabilitytobemagnetized.某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。TranslationofNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses非限制性定语从句译法1.Division分译法1)TranslatingintoCompoundSentencesbyRepeatingtheAntecedents例：Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。2)TranslatingintoCompoundSentencesbyOmittingtheAntecedents例1：Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。例2：Thistypeofmeteriscalledamultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电流。2.CombinationThesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant.buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。3)TranslatingintoIndependentSentencesOnetimetherewasaviolentthunderstorm，theworstIhadeverseen,whichobscuredmyobjective.有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。Neverthelesstheproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatthecomputationswereaccurate.不过，问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。TranslationofAttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials兼有状语功能的定语从句英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。1.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCauseWeknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysthanoureyes.canseeclearlyinthenight.我们知道,由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚，Youmustgrasptheconceptofwork“whichisveryimportantinphysics.你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。2.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofResultTherewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢，Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。3.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConcessionHeinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。Thescientist,whowasdog-tired,wentonwiththeexperiment.那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。4.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConditionMenbecomedesperateforwork,anywork，whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。Abodythatcontainsonlyatomswiththesamegeneralpropertiesiscalledanelement.物质如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。5.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofPurposeTheyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才。I’lltrytogetanillustrateddictionarydealingwithtechnicalterms,whichwillenablemetotranslatescientificliteraturemoreexactly.我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。E-CTranslation1.Theclaimshouldhavebeenfiledagainstthesellerswhofailedtodeliverthegoodsofthespecificationsasstipulatedinthecontract.(译成原因状语从句)2.Inanyeventoraccidentthatmayresultinlossordamage,theinsuredshouldgivetheinsurancecompany’sagentanimmediatenoticeapplyingforsurvey.3.Theyaregoingtocovertheirrequirementsinathirdcountry,wherethepricesaremorecompetitivethanthoseofferedbyyou.4.Anydisputethatmayariseshallbesettledamicablythroughnegotiationwithoutresortingtolaw.5.Thesellermustprovideathisownexpensethepacking,whichisnecessarytoenablethebuyertotakedeliveryofthegoods.ThankYou!