1小升初英语语法教案一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethfish-fishpeople-peopleChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese二、代词人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词(短)名词性物主代词(长)我Imemymine你youyouyouryours他hehimhishis她sheherherhers我们weusourours你们youyouyouryours他们theythemtheirtheirs口诀:主格应该作主语,放在句子的开头;宾格应该作宾语,放在动词介词后;形容词性的物主代词不能单独用,必须接名词或其他词;名词性的物主代词,单独使用就可以。如:Iamastudent.Whatisyourname?Hisbagisonthedesk.Thatoneisnothis.WecanfromAmerica.Wearefriends.Letmehelpyou.Theseshoesarenice.Trythemon.Theyaredrinkingtea.三、动词1.be动词:amisare2.普通动词:havegocometakegetbuypass2sitstandhavetalkwalkseecatchput等。动词的变化形式:动词的第三人称单数、动词+ing、动词的过去式(详见时态)3.情态动词:情态动词can,must,should后面直接用动词原形。如:I/He/She/Theycansing.Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Canyouhelpme?4.使役动词:have,make,let后面直接用动词原形。如:Letmehelpyou.MothermadeJimstayathomeallday.四、疑问词1.whatwhowhosewhichwherewhenwhyhow2.“Wh-”questions:Whatareyoudoing?Whatcolorisit?Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Who’sthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whenisyourbirthday?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman?Howmuchisthetoybear?Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?五、形容词和副词bigsmalllittlelargetalllongshortfatthinoldnewyoungcleandirtywarmhotcoolcoldfastslowlazybusycheapearlylatehighlowtiredhungrythirstybeautifuldeliciousexpensivefavoritefriendlypopular六、比较级和最高级1.一般在形容词或副词后+eroldertallerlongerstronger2.多音节词前+moremoreinterestingmoreexciting3.双写最后一个字母,再+erbiggerfatter34.把y变i,再+erheavierearlier5.不规则变化:well-bettermuch/many-more6.favorite没有比较级和最高级如下表:形容词(原级)比较级最高级oldoldertheoldestnewnewerthenewestthinthinnerthethinnestbigbiggerthebiggestheavyheaviertheheaviestearlyearliertheearliestboringmoreboringthemostboringdifficultmoredifficultthemostdifficultexpensivemoreexpensivethemostexpensive七、介词和副词inonatunderinfrontofbehindafteroveracrossintooutofbesidenearnextto八、some和anyIhavesometoysinmybedroom.Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Arethereanybooksonthedesk?九、时态(一)一般现在时,通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not(don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies4(二)现在进行时bedoing,通常用“Look!”“now”.1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping(三)一般将来时begoingto1.begoingto表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2.肯定句:begoingto+动词原形,如:Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.否定句:benotgoingto+动词原形,如:Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形?如:WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+goingto+动词原形?如:Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?will1.表示将要发生的事。2.肯定句:Iwillgotothezootomorrow.否定句:Iwillnot(won’t)gotothezootomorrow.一般疑问句:Willyougotothezootomorrow?特殊疑问句:Whowillgotothezootomorrow?Wherewillyougotomorrow?Whenwillyougotothezoo?(四)一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?5特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat十、Therebe句型1.单数可数名词Thereisanappleontheplate.Isthereanappleontheplate?Thereisn’tanappleontheplate?2.复数可数名词Therearesomeapplesonthetable.Arethereanyapplesonthetable?Therearen’tanyapplesonthetable.3.不可数名词Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn’tanywaterintheglass.十一、祈使句1.祈使句的定义祈使句是用来发出命令或指示,提出要求、建议、劝告等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常不表示出来,而是以动词原形开头。例如:Becareful.小心。Haveacoffee,please.请喝杯咖啡。Don'tworry.不要担心。2.祈使句的主语(1)省略第二人称的主语Lookout!There'sacarcoming.小心!有车来了。Don'ttouchme.别碰我。(2)祈使句如需要强调对方时,亦可把you说出来。Youbequiet!你们安静!Don'tyouopenthedoor.你不要开门。6(3)祈使句亦可用第三人称作主语