IamTom简单句概念:只有一个主谓结构,且句子的各个成分都只有单词、词组或短语充当的句子叫简单句。简单句的五种基本句型主语+谓语(不及物动词)+(状语)eg:Abirdcanfly.鸟会飞主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语eg:sheisawayfromhome.她不在家主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语eg:Iloveyou.我爱你主语+谓语(及物动词)+双宾(间接宾语和直接宾语)eg:Heshowsmehispassport.他把护照给我看主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语eg:Iwillallofyouhappy.我祝你们大家幸福主系表结构主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是什么,其位置一般放在句首,英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语货从句来充当。eg:LiLeiisaChineseboy.(Lilei是名词,作主语)eg:HeisfromEngland.(He是代词,作主语)系动词(Linkverb)简单的说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有:Be、feel、look、sound、taste、seem、smell...eg:Thisflowerisbeautiful.eg:Ifeltverytired.eg:Youlookworried.表语(predicative)表语是用来修饰主语的,说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语位于系动词之后。eg:Iamfine.Heisaboy.Wearehere.Heisnotathome.YI’m(not)tenAreyouten?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.You’re(not)lateAmIlate?Yes,youare./No,you’renot.He(She,It)is(not)hereIshehere?Yes,heis./No,heisn’tWe’re(not)studentsAreyoustudents?Yes,weare./No,wearen’tYou’re(not)right.Areweright?Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.They’re(not)athomeAretheyathome?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.口诀我跟am你跟are,is连着他她它,单数主语跟is,复数主语全跟are,变疑问,be提前,句末问号别忘记,变否定,更容易,be加not要牢记。代词(1)-------人称代词人称代词IyouhesheitweyoutheyMynameisTom词类词类英文名称作用及意义例词名词noun(n.)表示人或事物的名称Tom,pen,class,work,water代词pronoun(pron.)代替名词、数词等I,me,mine,this,both形容词adjective(a.)表示人或事物的特征good,tall,red,young副词adverb(ad.)表示动作等的特征Very,hard,slowly数词numeral(num.)表示数目或顺序One,first,fifth动词verb(v.)表示动作或状态is,do,have,get,sing,ask冠词article(art.)用在名词前说明意义a,an,the介词preposition(prep.)说明词与词关系at,in,on,behind连词conjunction(conj.)连接词与词或句与句and,but,or,so感叹词interjection(interj.)表示感情或口气hi,hello,oh代词(2)-------物主代词人称代词Iyouhesheitweyouthey物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheirThesearebooks主系表结构(2)---TheseareThisis(not)abook.Isthisabook?Yes,itis.No,Itisn’t.Thatis(not)apen.Isthatapen?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.Theseare(not)books.Arethesebooks?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Thoseare(not)pens.Arethosepens?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.注意:1.主语为this或that的一般疑问句,答句中主语要用it而不用this或that.2.主语为these或those的一般疑问句,答句中主语要用they而不用these或those.选择疑问句1.选择疑问句不可用Yes或No回答,其他选择选择的两个部分语法成分必须相同.Ishetallorshort?Heisshort.3.选择疑问句是由or连接的.2.选择疑问句的语调是前升后降.Ishetallorshort?3.选择疑问句是由or连接的.Ishetallorshort?Ishetallorshort?Heisshort.Isthisyourpenorherpen?It’sherpen.Areyouelevenortwelve?Iamtwelve.Arethesebikesoldornew?Theyarenew.练习题一、主系表结构(用am,is,are填空)1.Thatbanana___yellow.2.What___these?“They’resheep.”3.Thechild___intheroom.4.____theseyouroranges?Yes,they___.5.I____sevenyearsold.areisisAreaream二、按要求完成句子.1.Thisisanapple.(变为复数)2.Thoseapplesarered.(变为否定句)3.Thesebooksarenew.(变为一般疑问句)Theseareapples.Thoseapplesarenotred.Arethesebooksnew?4.Arethesebananas?(作肯定回答)5.Theyarecups.(对划线部分提问)Yes,theyare.Whatarethey?三、选择疑问句.1.Isshethinorfat?(用fat作答)2.Isthebay(海峡)neworold?(用new作答)3.你的英语老师老还是年轻?Sheisfat.Thebayisnew.IsyourEnglishteacheryoungorold?4.Thosearehens.(用ducks改为选择疑问句)5.Isyourfathertallorshort?(用short作答)Arethosehensorducks?Heisshort.Thosearebuses名词(2)----名词复数名词词尾加s单词情况构成例句一般情况直接加sbook—bookspig---pigstree--treess,x,sh,ch结尾加esbox---boxesbus---buses辅音字母加y结尾y变i再加escity---citieso结尾加sphoto---photostomato--tomatoes加esf(fe)结尾f(fe)变vesknife---knives一般规则名词复数一般规则名词,只需在该名词后加s,即构成复数。1.清辅音音素结尾s,读/s/:desk—desks2.浊辅音音素结尾s,读/z/:bed—beds3.元音音素结尾s,读/z/:play—plays特殊规则名词复数1.以/s/、/z/、/ʃ/、/ʧ/、/ʤ/等读音结尾的名词,加(e)s构成复数,读/ʫ/.class—classesdish—dishes2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾名词变y为i,再加es,读作/z/.baby—babiesstory—stories3.以字母o结尾的名词变复数.有的加s,zoo—zoosbamboo---bamboosphoto---photoskilo----kilospiano---pianosvideo---videosradio---radioskangaroo---kangaroos有的加es,hero---heroespotato---potatoestomato---tomatoes英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。注意:无论加s还是es,都读作/z/.特殊名词单、复数1.单、复数同行deer(鹿)、sheep、fish、ChineseJapanese2.只用作复数people(人们)police(警察)cattle(牛群)apeople(民族)3.不规则变化man—menwoman---womenfoot---feetchild---childrentooth---teethmouse--mice练习题一、根据汉语完成句子,每空一词。1.____(谁)arethemenunderthetree?____(他们)areourteachers.2.Thosearenot____(你的)shoes.____(他们)areTom’s.3.Theseare___(他们的)books.____(你们的)booksarethere.4.Thisis____(我们的)teacher.WhoTheyyourTheytheirYourOur___(她)isfromAmerica.5.___(我)amateacher.___(我的)fatherisateacher,too.二、选词填空.1.___(He/His)isJack.___(He/His)capisyellow.2.Lindaismygoodfriend.____(We/our)areinthesameschool.SheIMyHeHisWe3.What’s___(you/your)name?MynameisMike.4.Welike___(we/our)school.5.Isthisyourbag?No,itisn’t.___(I/my)bagisinthedesk.yourourMyWhat’sthat?主系表结构(3)---特殊疑问句1.自然语序疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,特殊疑问句呈自然语序。whoinventedthecompass?谁发明了指南针?2.倒装语序疑问词作其他成分时,特殊疑问句呈半倒装语序,疑问词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分。whatareyoubossdoing?老板在干什么?注意:如果谓语是连系动词,或是have(有)这样的特殊疑问句呈倒装语序,即:疑问词+连系动词(或have)+主语+其它部分.WhatpeopleisBBCEnglishfor?英语是为什么人服务的?What’sthis/that?It’sbird.Whatarethese/those?They‘resheep.Whatcolourisyourshirt?Myshirtisgreen.It’sgreen.Whatcolourareyourshoes?Myshoesareblue.Theyareblue.Whatisyourname?MynameisRob.Whoisshe?She‘sourteacher.Whatisshe?Sheisateacher.Howoldareyou?I‘meleven.Whatishelike?He‘stall.疑问词的使用一、用What提问问“什么”如:Thisisaknife.---Whatisthis?这是小刀。---这是什么?1.问“职业”如:Whatishe?---Heisatypist.他是干什么的?---他是个打字员。Whatdoyoudo?---I’mateacher.你是干什么的?---我是当老师的。2.问“人口、面积、年龄、形状、距离、号码、数”。Whatistheshapeofhereyes?她的眼睛是什么样子?3.问“长度、高度、宽度、深度、厚度、重量”。Whatweightistheelephan