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TeaCulture:AveryBritishtradition陈思敏英法120106号英国在维多利亚女皇时代（公元1837～1901）是大英帝国最强盛的时代，文化艺术蓬勃发展；人们醉心于追求艺术文化的内涵及精致生活品味。维多莉亚下午茶是一门综合的艺术,简朴却不寒酸,华丽却不庸俗。•著名作家HenryJames曾经说过：“Therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdedicatedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea.”•YoumightbesurprisedtolearnthatBritishpeoplelovetea.Infact,afternoonteaismorethanjustadrink–sometimesit'sacompletemeal.•英国人喜爱喝茶，对于这点你或许会感到些许惊讶。事实上，下午茶对于英国人来说，远远不止是一种饮品，有时候那便是一顿完整的餐饭。•ThecustomoftakingafternoonteaisbelievedtohavebeenfirstintroducedinEnglandin1840byAnna,theSeventhDuchessofBedford.Atthattimelunchwastakenearlyanddinnerwasnotservedintheeveninguntilabout9pm.TheDuchessapparentlybecamehungryintheafternoonandaskedforsometea,breadandbutterandcaketobebroughttoherroom.ThissoonbecameahabitandtheDuchessstartedtoinvitefriendsroundtojoinher.•一般认为，英国下午茶的传统是维多利亚女王时代1840年期间由贝德芙公爵夫人安娜女士所开创的。那时候，午餐开始得很早，而通常直到晚上9点人们才开始吃晚餐。公爵夫人每到下午便感到百无聊赖甚至饥肠辘辘，便让女仆准备一些差点，面包，黄油以及蛋糕送往她的房间。很快，喝下午茶便流行起来。公爵夫人也开始邀请她的朋友共饮下午茶。源于维多利亚时期的下午茶演变为一种社交文化•Veryquicklyitbecamefashionabletotaketeainthemiddleoftheafternoonandtheoccasionbecamemoreandmoreelaboratewiththeuseofelegantteaware点击发音,laceandembroidered点击发音tablelinen点击发音,bonechinateaservices,cakestands,teacanistersandblendingbowls.Duringthe1880'supper-classandsocietywomenwouldchangeintolonggowns,glovesandhatsfortheirafternoonteawhichwasusuallyservedinthedrawingroombetweenfourandfiveo'clock.•很快，在午后时光，喝下午茶便蔚然成风。随后，下午茶变得更为精致。典雅的茶壶，蕾丝或绣花桌布，骨瓷杯，饼架，茶罐均为下午茶增添了一份高雅。19世纪80年代，每到下午4点或5点，贵族妇女便会穿上长袍，戴上手套以及帽子，前往休息室喝下午茶。AFTERNOONTEA(Thetraditional4o'clocktea)•Thisisasmallmeal,notadrink.TraditionallyitconsistsofTea(orcoffee)servedwitheitherofthefollowing:Freshlybakedsconesservedwithcreamandjam(Knownasacreamtea)•Afternoonteasandwichesoftenthinlyslicedcucumbersandwicheswiththecrustscutoff.•与其说这是单纯的饮茶，不如说这是一顿简餐。因为按照传统，它除了包含茶（或咖啡）等饮料之外，还有不少点心，例如：•点缀有奶油和果酱的现烤热斯康饼（以奶油茶闻名）•下午茶三明治通常都是无边的黄瓜三明治}英式下午茶Assortedpastries各式各样的面团糕饼•NowmostordinaryBritishfamiliesdonothavetimeforafternoonteaathome,butinthepastitwasatradition.Itbecamepopularaboutonehundredandfiftyyearsago,whenrichladiesinvitedtheirfriendstotheirhousesforanafternooncupoftea.Theystartedofferingtheirvisitorssandwichesandcakestoo.SooneveryonewasenjoyingAfternoontea.•现在大多数英国家庭都没有时间在家喝下午茶，但在过去这却是个重要的传统习惯。150年前，下午茶在英国非常盛行，贵妇们都会邀请自己的朋友来家里喝下午茶，同时也给来访者提供三明治和蛋糕等点心，很快人们便开始享受下午茶的无限乐趣了。精致的茶器HIGHTEA(Thetraditional6o'clocktea)6点茶(传统的6点茶)•TheBritishworkingpopulationdidnothaveafternoontea.Theyhadamealaboutmidday,andamealafterwork,betweenfiveandseveno'clock.Thismealwascalled'hightea'orjust'tea'.•英国的工人在过去并不喝下午茶。他们通常吃顿午饭，并在工作结束之后大约5点到7点之间再吃点东西，这顿简餐就被称为“hightea”或者就是“tea”。Traditionallyeatenearlyevening,Highteawasasubstantialmealthatcombineddelicioussweetfoods,suchasscones,cakes,bunsorteabreads,withtemptingsavouries,suchascheeseontoast,toastedcrumpets,coldmeatsandpicklesorpoachedeggsontoast.Thismealisnowoftenreplacedwithasupperduetopeopleeatingtheirmainmealintheeveningsratherthanatmidday.Hightea是有实质内容的一餐，由可口的甜品和诱人的各式点心组成。甜品如斯康饼、蛋糕、圆面包等；点心如乳酪土司、煎饼、冷冻肉、腌蛋土司等。Hightea现在已基本被晚饭取代，因为通常人们总是习惯把晚饭作为一天最重要的一餐，而非午餐。highteaNowadayshowever,intheaveragesuburbanhome,afternoonteaislikelytobejustabiscuitorsmallcakeandamugof点击发音tea,usuallyproducedusingateabag.Sacrilege!然而在如今，在大多数郊区居民的家中，下午茶更趋向于是简简单单的一块饼干，一小块蛋糕，以及一大杯由茶包冲泡的茶。真是可惜！Loveandscandalarethebestsweetenersoftea.——byHenryFieldingIfyouarecold,teawillwarmyou,Ifyouaretooheated,itwillcoolyou,Ifyouaredepressed,itwillcheeryou,Ifyouareexhausted,itwillcalmyou.——byWilliamGladstone（liberalBritishstatesmanwhoservedasprimeministerfourtimes(1809-1898)）ＴＨＡＮＫＹＯＵ