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一、钢丝绳的参数一般起重作业可采用GB/T8918-1996《钢丝绳》中6×19和6×37钢丝绳,其规格参数见表1和表2。表1钢丝绳的破断拉力直径钢丝绳的抗拉强度/MPa钢丝绳/mm钢丝/mm14001550170018502000钢丝破断拉力总和/kN6.20.420.0022.1024.3026.4028.607.70.531.3034.6038.0041.3044.709.30.645.1049.6054.7059.6064.4011.O0.761.3067.9074.5081.1087.7012.50.880.1088.7097.30105.50114.5014.O0.9101.00112.00123.00134.00114.5015.51.O125.00138.50152.00165.50178.5017.O1.1151.50167.50184.00200.00216.5018.51.2180.00199.50219.00238.00257.5020.O1.321150234.00257.00279.50302.0021.51.4245.50271.50298.00324.00350.5023.O1.5281.50312.00342.00372.00402.5024.51.6320.50355.00389.00423.50458.0026.O1.7362.00400.50439.50478.00517.0028.O1.8405.50499.00492.50536.00579.5031.O2.O501.00554.50608.50662.00715.5034.O2.2606.00671.00736.00801.00—37.O2.4721.50798.50876.00953.50—40.O2.6846.50937.501025.001115.00—表2钢丝绳的破断拉力直径钢丝绳的抗拉强度/MPa钢丝绳/mm钢丝/mm14001550170018502000钢丝破断拉力总和/kN8.70.439.0043.2047.3051.5055.7011.O0.560.0067.5074.0080.6087.1013.O0.687.8097.20106.50116.00125.0015.O0.7119.50132.00145.00157.50170.5017.50.8156.00172.50189.50206.00223.0019.50.9197.50218.50239.50261.00282.0021.51.O243.50270.00296.00322.00348.5024.O1.1295.00326.50358.00390.00421.5026.O1.2351.00388.50426.50464.00501.5028.O1.3412.00456.50500.50544.50589.0030.O1.4478.00529.00580.50631.50683.0032.51.5548.50607.50666.50725.00784.0034.51.6624.50691.50758.00825.00892.0036.51.7705.00780.50856.00931.501005.0039.O1.8790.00875.00959.501040.001125.0043.O2.O975.501080.001185.001285.001390.0047.52.21180.001305.001430.001560.00—52.O2.41405.001555.001705.001855.00—56.O2.61645.001825.002000.002175.00—二、钢丝绳的标记目前在起重机上所采用的钢丝绳主要是普通型结构钢丝绳,绳6×19和绳6×37。按照国家标准《圆股钢丝绳》(GB1102一74)的规定,钢丝绳的标记方法如下:如,钢丝绳6×37-15.0-170-I一甲一镀一右交GB1102-74这表示该圆股钢丝绳由6股捻制,股的结构形式为点接触,每股有37根钢丝,纤维绳芯,钢丝绳直径15.Omm,由公称抗拉强度1700MPa的I号甲组镀钵钢丝制成,钢丝绳的捻向为右交互捻。三、钢丝绳的受力计算某一规格的钢丝绳允许承受的最大拉力是有一定限度的,超过这个限度,钢丝绳就会被破坏或拉断,因此在工作中需对钢丝绳的受力进行计算。(一)钢丝绳的破断控力钢丝绳的破断拉力可由表1、2中查出,考虑钢丝绳捻制使每根钢丝受力不均匀,整根钢丝绳的破断拉力应按下式计算:SP=ΨΣSi式中SP——钢丝绳的破断拉力,kN;ΣSi——钢丝丝绳规格表中提供的钢丝破断拉力的总和,kN;Ψ——钢丝捻制不均折减系数,对6×19绳,Ψ=0.85;对6×37绳,Ψ=0.82;对6×61绳,Ψ=0.80。但在工作现场,一般缺少图表资料,同时也不要求精确计算,此时可采用下式(仅为数据估算用,非规范公式)估算钢丝绳的破断拉力:式中SP——钢丝绳的破断拉力,N;d——钢丝绳的直径,mm。(二)钢丝绳的安全系数为了保证起重作业的安全,钢丝绳许用拉力只是其破断拉力的几分之一。破断拉力与许用拉力之比为安全系数。下表列出了不同用途钢丝绳的安全系数。表为钢丝绳的安全系数使用情况安全系数使用情况安全系数用做缆风绳、拖拉绳3.5机械驱动起重设备5-6人力驱动起重设备4.5用做吊索(无弯曲)6-7用做捆绑吊索8～10用做载人升降机14(三)钢丝绳的许用扭力P=SP/K式中P——钢丝绳的许用拉力,N;SP——钢丝绳的破断拉力,N;K——钢丝绳的安全系数。例:型号6×37-26的钢丝绳,用做捆绑绳时其许用拉力为多大？解:SP=500d2=500×262=338000(N)用做捆绑绳时,取K=10,则P=SP/K=338000/10=33800（N）