邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)I摘要不可再生能源的枯竭与日益恶化的环境问题是我国乃至全世界的最大的难题。随着我国的经济快速发展,为了实现工业化与城镇化这个目标,能源供需矛盾与环境问题更加的突出。因此,节能降耗不仅是我国经济发展与社会发展的重要长远战略方针,也是目前迫不及待的任务。我国已经明确经济稳定增长与节能降耗处于同等的重要位置。火力发电是我国电力主要供电方式,既是我国的二次能源行业,也是一次能源的能耗大户,我国电力行业的能源能耗现状与发展状况对于我国的能源战略方针有着深远的影响。因此,根据我国目前的电力行业能耗现状与发展水平,以及一次能源结构特点及其利用效率现状,本文客观地分析火力发电厂的能耗现状,从电力行业能耗设备结构、企业技术管理水平提出相应的节能措施,以期待对火力发电厂节能降耗提供参考。关键词:火力发电;能耗现状;锅炉受热面;辅机设备;节能降耗邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)IIABSTRACTNon-renewableenergydepletionandthedeterioratingenvironmentalproblemsisthebiggestproblemofourcountryandtheworld.WithChina'srapideconomicdevelopment,inordertorealizetheindustrializationandurbanization,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandofenergyandenvironmentproblemismoreprominent.Savingenergyandreducingconsumption,therefore,theeconomicdevelopmentandsocialdevelopmentofourcountryisnotonlyanimportantlong-termstrategy,andnowcan'twait.Ourcountryhascleareconomicstablegrowthandenergyconsumptionintheequallyimportantposition.ThermalpowerisChina'smainpowersupply,boththesecondaryenergyindustryinourcountry,isalsoahighenergyconsumptionofenergy,theenergyconsumptionofelectricpowerindustryinourcountrypresentsituationandthedevelopmentsituationforChina'senergystrategyhasaprofoundimpact.Thus,accordingtoChina'scurrentenergyconsumptionpresentsituationandthedevelopmentleveloftheelectricpowerindustry,aswellastheprimaryenergystructurecharacteristicsandtheutilizationefficiencyofthestatusquo,thisarticlesystemobjectivelyanalyzethepresentsituationofenergyconsumptionofcoal-firedpowerplantsfrompowerindustryequipmentenergyconsumptionstructure,enterprisetechnologymanagementlevelofthecorrespondingenergysavingmeasuresareputforward,andtechnicalguidanceforsavingenergyandreducingconsumptioninthermalpowerplants.Keywords:Thermalpower;Statusquoofenergyconsumption;Boilerheatingsurface.Auxiliaryequipment;Savingenergyandreducingconsumption邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)III目录摘要..........................................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................................II1绪论...................................................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景与意义.................................................................................................11.2本文研究内容.................................................................................................................22锅炉受热面介绍与改造.........................................................................................................32.1省煤器的节能技术......................................................................................................32.2空气预热器的节能改造技术.................................................................................52.3过热器和再热器的简介............................................................................................92.4水冷壁结构与作用....................................................................................................102.5本章小结..........................................................................................................................133汽轮机的改进............................................................................................................................143.1汽轮机分类与构成....................................................................................................143.2汽轮机运行节能降耗的可行性..........................................................................144电厂辅助机的节能技术改造............................................................................................154.1电厂辅助机的能耗现状..........................................................................................154.2给水泵的简介与改造技术....................................................................................154.3风机的节能技术改造...............................................................................................205总结.................................................................................................................................................25参考文献............................................................................................................................................26致谢.......................................................................................................................................................28邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)11绪论1.1课题研究背景与意义1.1.1课题研究背景在21世纪的时代,节能降耗是世界各国的重要主题。根据中国发改委员会能源研究所对我国当前社会经济发展及能源环境研究的结果,2020年我国对一次能源的需求将在31亿~40亿标准煤,而我国一次能源供应能力约为24.02亿t标准煤。2009年中国全年煤炭累计进口高达10343万t,是历史性的第一次由煤炭净出出口国家变成了煤炭净口国,到2020年中国煤炭需求量将有23.5%依赖进口1。使得我国经济稳定快速发展面临的能源约束矛盾更加突出。我国不仅是能源短缺非常严重,而且一次能源消费数量极大,节能降耗刻不容缓。能源制约我国经济的进一步发展,阻碍着我们建设全面具有中国特色社会主义的全面小康社会。解决能源问题的根本在于以科学发展观为指导,坚持开放和节约并举、节约放在首位的战略方针,大力推进节能降耗,提高能源利用率。如何完成“十二五”目标,实现节能减排的目标,作为能源消费大户,发电企业需要加强节能基础管理和节能技术监督工作,采取各项指标控制技术和节能应用技术。1.1.2课题研究意义近几年来,截止2014年底,我国的发电装机容量136019万千瓦,同比增长了8.7%,其中火电新增4729万千瓦,我国的煤炭产量大幅度的增长,能源的消耗日益严重2。火电厂是我国电能产生的重要基地,火电