专题探究考点突破⊙怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力;2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义;3.语篇填空及短文改错中,主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。⊙怎么学在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。⊙怎么解理解上下语境,明析考查目的,然后确定答案。专题探究考点突破Ⅰ.体验考向用所给词的适当名词形式填空。1.(2015·江苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.2.(2015·江苏卷)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.—I'dliketo,butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy________(apologize).专题探究考点突破3.(2015·浙江卷)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.4.(2015·湖北卷)Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboylosthis________(balanced)andhadabadfall.5.(2015·安徽卷)Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome________(think)andthenletmeknow.专题探究考点突破Ⅱ.语境感悟Two__1__(月)ago,Ihaddinnerat__2__(Mr.White)withtwo__3__(主编)andthree__4__(英雄).Duringthedinner,Whitetalkedalotabouthis__5__(experience)inAmerica,whereherana__6__(magazine)storewithhis__7__(22岁的)sonandtheymetwithmanydifficulties.Hegainedhis__8__(wealth)byprintingworksoffamouswriters.Afterthedinner,hemadefive__9__(tea)forus.Inmyview,IthoughtMr.Whitefocusedtoomuchonsuccessbecausehedidn'twanttobea__10__(fail).专题探究考点突破答案1.months[名词的复数。]2.Mr.White's[名词后加's表示住所或营业场所。]3.editors-in-chief[复合名词的复数形式的变化以核心名词为主。]4.heroes[hero,tomato,potato,negro以o结尾的名词复数加es。]专题探究考点突破5.experiences[experience表“经验”时是不可数名词;而表“经历”时,是可数名词。]6.magazine[名词作定语,表示类别。]7.22-year-old[复合名词作形容词时,核心名词无复数。]8.wealth[抽象名词无复数形式。]9.teas[物质名词转换为普通名词有复数形式。]10.failure[抽象名词具体化表“失败的人”。]专题探究考点突破Ⅲ.正反探究1.【误】Thereisfiercecompetitionbetweenthethreeshoesshopsinthestreet.【正】Thereisfiercecompetitionbetweenthethreeshoeshopsinthestreet.解析此处指商店的性质,用名词的单数形式作定语。2.【误】Heworksinachildhospital.【正】Heworksinachildren'shospital解析有些名词作定语表示名词的适用范围时,习惯上用名词复数的's所有格形式。如:achildren'smagazine(=amagazineforchildren);men'sclothes(=clothesformen)。专题探究考点突破3.【误】Themanagerhasgotagoodbusinessidea,sothecompanyisdoingwell.【正】Themanagerhasgotagoodbusinesssense,sothecompanyisdoingwell.解析idea指对某件具体事物的看法或想法,显然不符合语境。Sense······意识,······感。4.【误】Byallmeans,youmusttryeverymeantohelphim.【正】Byallmeans,youmusttryeverymeanstohelphim.解析means是一个单复数同形的名词。换句话说,在表示“方式,方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间,中庸”)。means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。专题探究考点突破Ⅳ.考点确认一、可数名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s或-es,规则的复数构成形式如下:专题探究考点突破变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-stable→tablespark→parks以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wisheswatch→watches以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y变为-i再加-esfamily→familiesbutterfly→butterfliesdictionary→dictionaries专题探究考点突破以元音字母加-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sday→daysholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-sphoto→photosradio→radios有些在词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes专题探究考点突破以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leaves少数直接加-sroof→roofsbelief→beliefs专题探究考点突破2.有些名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成,它们的不规则构成形式如下:变化规则例词变内部元音man→menwoman→womenfoot→feetmouse→micegoose→geesetooth→teeth词尾加-enox→oxenchild→children单复数同形fish,sheep,deer,means(方式;方法),series,Chinese,Swiss专题探究考点突破二、名词词形变化名词后缀意义例词-age抽象名词后缀,表示行为、状态、结果或总称use—usage用途short—shortage缺乏marry—marriage婚姻pack—package包裹-ance,-ence抽象名词后缀,表示性质、状态、行为、过程accept—acceptance接受perform—performance表演exist—existence存在occur—occurrence发生differ—difference不同专题探究考点突破-ancy,-ency抽象名词后缀,表示性质和状态expect—expectancy期待tend—tendency趋势,趋向emergent—emergency紧急情况fluent—fluency流利;流畅-dom表示状况或状态free—freedom自由wise—wisdom智慧-er,-or表示“······人,······者”receive—receiver接受者,听筒carry—carrier携带者begin—beginner初学者direct—director主任operate—operator操作者专题探究考点突破-ian构成人称名词,表示“精通······的人”technique—technician技术员-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常义为“······化”classify—classification分类communicate—communication交流-ics表示“······学科”economic—economics经济学physic—physics物理学专题探究考点突破-ion,-ation,-ition由动词构成的名词,表示行为的过程、结果、状况,意为“······行为;······状态”produce—production生产solute—solution解决方法organize—organization组织;机构construct—construction建设describe—description描述direct—direction方向hesitate—hesitation犹豫compete—competition竞争-ist构成人称名词,表示“从事······研究者;信仰······主义者”special—specialist专家piano—pianist钢琴家social—socialist社会主义者专题探究考点突破-ity/ty抽象名词后缀,表示性质responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity相似-ment抽象名词后缀,表示行为、状态、过程或结果advertise—advertisement广告develop—development发展move—movement动作;活动achieve—achievement成就equip—equipment设备improve—improvement改善专题探究考点突破-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词,表示状态、性质和程度aware—awareness意识calm—calmness冷静thick—thickness厚度effective—effectiveness有效useful—usefulness有用-ship抽象名词后缀,表示状态relation—relationship关系member—membership成员资格friend—friendship友谊专题探究考点突破-th由形容词构成名词,表示动作、性质和状态dead—death死亡warm—warmth温暖wide—width宽度true—truth真相-ure抽象名词后缀,表示行为和结果fail—failure失败expose—exposure暴露press—pressure压力专题探究考点突破三.名词词类的转化。这是高考的命题热点。1.物质名词转化为可数名词。Hepreferscoffeetotea.(泛指的咖啡,不可数)---Whatwouldyouliketodrink?---Acoffee,please.(一杯咖啡)LongjingisafamousteainChina.(茶的种类,可数)2.抽象名词转化为可数名词。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者,失败者,可数)专题探究考点突破beauty(美,美貌)---abeauty(一个美人或美物)danger(危险)—adangerfailure(失败)—afailurehonour(光荣)—anhonour(带来荣誉的人或事)must(必须)—amust(一件必要的事或物)pity(遗憾)—apity(一件可惜的事)(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)专题探究考点突破servi