1钢结构课程设计班级:姓名:学号:指导老师:2013年12月30日梯形钢屋架课程设计一、设计资料2(1)题号72,屋面坡度1:10,跨度30m,长度102m,,地点:哈尔滨,基本风压:0.45kN/m2,基本雪压:0.45kN/m2。该车间内设有两台200/50kN中级工作制吊车,轨顶标高为8.000m。(2)采用1.5m×6m预应力混凝土大型屋面板,80mm厚泡沫混凝土保护层,卷材屋面,屋面坡度i=1/10。屋面活荷载标准值0.7kPa,血荷载标准值为0.1kN/m2,积灰荷载标准值为0.6kN/m2。屋架绞支在钢筋混凝土柱上,上柱截面为400mm×400mm。(3)混凝土采用C20,,钢筋采用Q235B级,焊条采用E43型。(4)屋架计算跨度:l0=30m-2×0.15m=29.7m(5)跨中及端部高度:采用无檩无盖方案。平坡梯形屋架,取屋架在30m轴线处的端部高度mh210.20,屋架的中间高度h=3.710(为lo/8)。屋架跨中起拱按500/0l考虑,取60mm。二、结构形式与布置屋架形式及几何尺寸如下图:梯形钢屋架支撑布置如下图:31、荷载计算屋面荷载与雪荷载不会同时出现,计算时取较大值进行计算,故取屋面活荷载0.7kN/m2进行计算。4屋架沿水平投影面积分布的自重(包括支撑)按经验公式2(0.120.011)/kglkNm计算,跨度单位为米(m)。荷载计算表如下:荷载名称标准值(kN/m2)设计值(kN/m2)预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.41.4×1.35=1.89三毡四油防水层0.40.4×1.35=0.54找平层(厚20mm)0.2×20=0.40.4×1.35=0.5480厚泡沫混凝土保护层0.08×6=0.480.48×1.35=0.648屋架和支撑自重0.12+0.011×030=0.450.45×1.35=0.608管道荷载0.10.1×1.35=0.135永久荷载总和3.234.361屋面活荷载0.70.7×1.4=0.98积灰荷载0.60.6×1.4=0.84可变荷载总和1.31.82设计屋架时,应考虑以下三种荷载组合(1)全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载:kNF629.5565.1)82.1361.4((2)全跨永久荷载+半跨可变荷载全跨节点永久荷载:kNF249.3965.1361.41半跨节点可变荷载:kNF38.1665.182.12(3)全跨屋架(包括支撑)自重+半跨屋面板自重+半跨屋面活荷载全跨节点屋架自重:kNF47.565.1608.03半跨接点屋面板自重及活荷载:kNF83.2565.1)98.089.1(4(1)、(2)为使用节点荷载情况,(3)为施工阶段荷载情况。4、内力计算屋架在上述三种荷载组合作用下的计算简图如下:5由数解法解得F=1时的屋架各杆件的内力系数(F=1作用于全跨\左半跨和右半跨).然后进行组合,如下表:6杆件名称内力系数(F=1)第一种组合F×①第二种组合第三种组合计算杆件内力(kN)全跨①左半跨②右半跨③F1×①+F2×②F1×①+F2×③F3×①+F4×②F3×①+F4×③上弦AB0.030.030.001.671.671.180.940.161.67BC、CD-10.21-7.67-2.82-567.97-526.37-446.92-253.96-128.69-567.97DE、EF-16.63-11.98-5.18-925.11-848.94-737.56-400.41-224.77-925.11FG、GH-19.87-13.51-7.08-1105.35-1001.07-895.85-457.65-291.57-1105.35HI-20.78-13.01-8.64-1155.97-1028.70-957.12-449.71-336.84-1155.97IJ、JK-21.24-13.49-8.62-1181.56-1054.61-974.84-464.63-338.84-1181.56下弦ab5.404.131.42300.40279.59135.20136.2266.22300.40bc13.8210.184.05768.79709.17608.76338.54180.21768.79cd18.5012.976.151029.14938.56826.84436.21260.051029.14de20.4813.417.861139.281023.48932.57458.41315.051139.28ef19.8110.919.911102.01956.23939.85390.17364.341102.01斜腹杆aB-10.95-8.39-2.85-609.14-567.20-476.46-276.61-133.51-609.14Bb8.876.532.60493.43455.10390.73217.19115.68493.43bD-7.44-5.18-2.52-413.88-376.86-333.29-174.50-105.79-413.88Dc5.563.542.25309.30276.21255.08121.8588.53309.30cF-4.31-2.34-2.20-239.76-207.49-205.20-84.02-80.40-239.76Fd2.831.041.98157.43128.11143.5142.3466.62157.43dH-1.680.08-1.95-93.46-64.63-97.88-2.12-59.56-97.88He0.48-1.121.7826.700.4948.00-26.3048.6048.60-26.30eg1.383.27-2.0976.77107.7319.9392.01-46.44107.73-46.447gK2.093.96-2.0976.77107.7319.9392.01-46.44107.73-42.55gI0.660.68-0.0336.7237.0425.4121.172.8437.04Aa-0.50-0.500-27.81-27.81-19.62-15.65-2.74-27.81竖杆Cb、Ec-1-10-55.63-55.63-39.25-31.30-5.47-55.63Gd-1-10-55.63-55.63-39.25-31.30-5.47-55.63Jg-1-10-55.63-55.63-39.25-31.30-5.47-55.63Ie-1.51-1.530-84.00-84.33-58.94-47.78-7.74-84.33Kf0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.005、杆件设计(1)上弦杆整个上弦采用等截面,按IJ、JK杆件的最大设计内力设计,即N=-1181.56kN上弦杆计算长度:屋架平面内:为节间轴线长度,即mllox507.10屋架平面外:由于屋架为无檩体系,并且认为大型屋面板只起到刚性系杆作用,根据支持布置和内力变化情况,取yl0为支撑点间的距离,即yl0=3×1.507=4.521m根据屋架平面外上弦杆的计算长度,上弦截面选用两个不等肢角钢,短肢相并,如图:腹杆最大内力N=-609.14kN,查表得中间节点板厚度选用12mm,支座节点板厚度选用14mm。8设λ=60,查Q235钢的稳定系数表,得807.0(由双角钢组成的T形和十字形截面均属b类),则需要的截面积为:2395.6809215807.01056.1181mmfNA需要的回转半径:mmmlioxx1.2560507.1mmlioyy4.7560521.4根据需要A、xi、yi查角钢表,选用2∟180×110×14,肢背间距a=12mm,则:A=78002mm,xi=30.8mm,yi=88.0mm验算:38.510.88452193.488.301507yoyyxoxxilil由于[]=150,所以满足细长比要求。因为xy,只需求y,查表得y=0.847,则MPaMPaMPaANy21585.1787800847.01056.11813故所选截面符合要求。(2)下弦杆整个下弦杆采用同一截面,按最大内力所在的杆计算.N=1139.28kNmlox3000,14850229700oyl(因跨中有通长系杆),所需截面为:2299.5298.52982151139280cmmmfNA选用2∟180×110×12,因oxoyll,故用不等肢角钢,短肢相并,如下图9cmicmicmcmAyx75.8,10.3,31.5740.67223507.16975.8148535077.9610.330000yyyxxxilil故所选截面符合要求。(3)端斜杆aB杆件轴力:N=-609.14kN计算长度:mmlloyox2535因为oyoxll,故采用不等肢角钢,长肢相并,使oyoxll.选用2∟140×90×10,则A=44.6cm2,cmix47.4,cmiy73.371.5647.45.253xoxxil96.6773.35.253yoyyil因为yx,只需要求y,查表得0.764,则MPaMPaANy21577.1784460764.01014.6093所以所选截面符合要求。(4)腹杆eKeg此杆可在g点处不断开,采用通杆。最大拉力:kNNkNNeggK73.107,90.14610最大压力:kNNkNNgKeg55.42,44.46在桁架平面内的计算长度取节点中心间距mmlx23060,在桁架平面外的计算长度:cmNNlly37.450)44.4655.4225.075.0(460)25.075.0(1210选用2∟63×5,查表有:15038.14804.309.45115087.11894.16.23004.3,94.1,26.12002yyyxxxyxililcmicmicmA因yx,只需求y,查表得y=0.31,则MPaMPaANMPaMPaANy21563.11912281090.14621599.121122831.01044.4633拉应力:符合要求(5)竖杆IecmlcmllkNNyx319,2.2553198.08.033.8400由于杆件内力较小,按150][选择,则需要的回转半径为cmlicmliyyxx13.2150319][70.11502.225][00查型钢表,选截面的xi和yi较上述计算的xi和yi略大。选用2∟63×5,其几何特征为15097.10404.33191505.13194.12.25504.3,94.1,26.12002yyyxxxyxililcmicmicmA11因yx,只需求y,查表得y=0.38,则MPaMPaANy21572.180122838.01033.843符合要求。其余各杆见下表:12杆件编号内力(kN)计算长度截面规格截面面积回转半径(cm)长细比容许长细比稳定系数计算应力xyxyxyxyIJ、JK-1181.56150.8452.42∟180×110×1477.933.088.848.9651.411500.847179.00de1139.2830014852∟180×110×1267.423.18.7496.77169.91350168.98Aa-27.811991992∟63×512.2861.943.04102.6065.461500.53842.07aB-609.14253.5253.52∟140×90×1044.5224.473.7456.7167.781500.764179.08Bb493.4320