杰斐逊的遗训

Unit3LessonsfromJefferson杰斐逊的遗训I.WordStudy1.source,origine.g.We’llhavetofindanewsourceofincome.Theoriginofthecustomisunknown.AncientGreeceiscalledtheoriginofWesternCivilization.cf.origin:血统，出身2.personal(1)doneinperson亲自的e.g.PersonalinterviewisanimportantstepinapplyingforanyMBAprogram.TheMayorpaidapersonalvisittotheoldmanwhowascelebratinghis100thbirthday.(2)belongingtoaperson个人的e.g.Thesuitcasecontainsallhispersonalbelongings.Personalviewsareexpressedinthenewspaper’s“LetterstotheEditor”.(3)(ofthingssaid)directedagainst;rude人身的，涉及个人的，攻击人的e.g.Arealgentlemanisabovepersonalattacks.It’simpolitetoasksuchpersonalquestionsasage,maritalstatus,andsalary.3.appoint,namee.g.ThePresidentappointedanewcabinetmember.Hewasappointedtoauniversitychair.Whenwilltheynameasuccessor?Hewasnamedcaptainoftheteam.4.capitol(美国的州议会大厦),Capitol(美国的国会大厦),capital(首都，首府，省会)5.refuse,decline,rejecte.g.Iwonderwhyherefusedtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.Severalsoldiersrefusedtoobeytheorder.Theblindmansmilinglydeclinedtobehelpedacrossthestreet.Sherejectedhismarriageproposal.Theboardrejectedallourideas.6.hesitate,pausee.g.Don’thesitateindoingwhatyoubelieveisgoodandcorrect.Ihesitatetopaysomuchforasuit.Shepausedatthedooroutoffear.Afterposingthedifficultquestion,theteacherpausedandlookedexpectantlyatus.7.prefer(vt.)choose(onething)ratherthan(another)更喜欢；宁愿e.g.Iprefertypingtowritingbyhand.I’dprefertohavesomethingtoeat/thatwehadsomethingtoeatbeforewestart.Weprefersportsmanshipovercompetitioninanysportsmeet.8.agreement(n.)(1)havingthesameopinion(s)同意；一致e.g.Thetwocountriesareinagreementonthatissue.Thepeacemakerfailedtobringthetwowarringstatesintoagreement.(2)arrangementorunderstandingmadebytwoormorepersons,groups,governments,etc.协议，协定e.g.Compromisesmustbemadebeforewemake/reach/arriveat/cometoanagreement.Theagreementwillnotcomeintoeffectuntilbothpartiessignit.9.action(n.)(1)thingdone;act行动过程；行动；行为；活动e.g.UnnecessarydeathsoccurredbecauseHamletdelayedactionrepeatedly.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(2)influence作用e.g.Theactionofacertaindrugonhumanhealthmustbefullytestedbeforeitgoesonthemarket.10.existence(n.)(1)thestateofexisting存在e.g.DoyoubelieveintheexistenceofUFOs?Thatcustomcameintoexistenceover500yearsago.HitleronceplannedtoputtheJewishraceoutofexistence.(2)mannerofliving生活，生活方式e.g.Allpeopleareworkinghardforabetterexistence.SometimesIenvythemorons(痴愚者),theyseemtoleadsuchahappyexistence.II.LanguagePoints(Reference背景知识)1.obtain(vt.)getthrougheffort获得e.g.Theoldwomanwhoobtainedherdegreeattheageof74wonrespectfromothers.Thetoppoliticiantravelednon-stoptoobtainsupportforhisnewproposal.2.bybirth:sofarasfamilyoriginornationalityisconcerned在血统上；生来，天生地e.g.HeisBritishbybirth,buthewasborninFrance.AJapanesebybirth,hehadaChinesechildhoodandanAmericanadolescence.3.humble(a.)(1)lowinposition地位低下的，卑贱的e.g.Havingahumblejoballhislife,heiseagertopleaseothers.Napoleon’shumbleorigindidnotstophispoliticalambition.(2)havingamodestopinionofoneself谦虚的，谦逊的e.g.IwassurprisedtofindEinsteintobesuchahumbleperson.Inmyhumbleopinion,yourMajesty,itistimeforthePrincetoimprovehisimage.4.gooutofone’sway(todosth.):makeaspecialeffortorexertonselfmorethanusual(todosth.)特地；故意e.g.Janewentoutofherwaytobenicetothenewcomer.Bothpartiesaregoingoutoftheirwaytoreachacompromise.5.threaten(vt.)(1)hangoverdangerously;utterathreatagainst威胁，恐吓e.g.Giantpandasarethreatenedwithextinction.Destructionoftheecosystemthreatenedhumanlife.OliverTwistwasthreatenedintostealing.Thehijackerthreatenedtokillthepilot.(2)givewarningof是。。。的征兆e.g.Thedarkcloudsthreatenedrain.Itthreatenstorain.6.error(n.)mistakeorsth.donewrongly错误，差错e.g.Althoughitishumantoerr,wemustmake/commitasfewerrorsaspossible.Inteladmittedthattherewassomeerrorinthecomputerchipsithadthusfarmanufactured.Thedictionarysellsbadlyfortoomanyprintingerrors.7.false(a.)(1)nottrueorcorrect不真实的，错误的e.g.Thespyenteredenemyterritoryonafalseidentity.Theymusthavegivenafalsealarm.Nothingunusualhappened.(2)notgenuine,artificial假的，伪造的e.g.falseteeth/hair/passports/coins(3)insincere不忠实的，虚伪的e.g.“IwouldlovetodoasmuchasIcould,”thispoliticianrespondedwithfalseenthusiasm.8.leave(vt.)giveintothecareorchargeofsomeone把。。。交给；委托e.g.I’llleaveittoyoutosettleallthebusiness.(or:I’llleaveyoutosettleallthebusiness.)Thetaskisleftforyoutofulfill.Allright,leaveittome.Note:leavesb.sth./leavesth.withsb./leavesth.tosb.9.latter(n.)(“thelatter”,contrastedwith“theformer”)thesecondoftwopersonsorthingsjustspoken后者e.g.Ofwhitemeatandredmeat,thelatterismorefatteningthantheformer.Itisashamethatsomeartistscannottelltheuglyfromthebeautiful,andevenregardtheformerasthelatter.(a.)nearertotheendofaperiod后面的；后半的e.g.Thelatterdaysoftheartistwerespentintrainingyoungpainters.Theremightbemoreraininthelatterpartofthisyear.10.conflict(v.)beopposed;clash冲突e.g.Yourtwostatementsconflictwitheachother.Itisreportedthatsomeworkersonstrikeconflictedwiththepolice.(n.)disagreement;clash;fighte.g.Thetwocompaniescomeintofrequentconflictsasaresultofcompetition.Armedconflictshaveb