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NounClauses二、分类：1、宾语从句：Nounclausesastheobject2、表语从句：Nounclausesasthepredicative3、主语从句：Nounclausesasthesubject4、同位语从句：NounClausesastheappositive一、定义：在主句中起名词性作用、充当宾语、表语、主语或同位语的从句。宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有:连词：thatifwhether；连接代词：whowhosewhatwhich；连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等。宾语从句TheObjectClausee.g.1)Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?4)Heaskedwhosecaritwas.5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid.6)Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace.7)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?TheObjectClause做动词的宾语(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesn'tknowwherethepostofficeis.(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshouldread．(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。TheObjectClause(4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;e.g.Idon’tthinkyouareright．我想你是不对的。(5)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：e.g.—Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你认为天气会转晴吗?—Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)我认为不会这样。TheObjectClause(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后;e.g.Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?(2)that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;做介词的宾语TheObjectClausee.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong．(3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it;e.g.I’llseetoitthateverythingisready．1.that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。ThePredicativeClausee.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。ThePredicativeClausee.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。ThePredicativeClausee.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.1.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethereBExercises2.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.thatB3.Hemadeapromise_______hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.whichC4.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.whatB5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whereverB高考链接1.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday'sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedA解析：这是由what引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。2.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。A3.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成Ittakessth.todosth.的句型。答案为A。A4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。A在复合句中做主语用的名词性从句称主语从句。引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。主语从句：主语从句1.连接词：1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Whyhediditremainsamystery.2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。后置时用it做形式主语，把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）2）It+不及物动词+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.Ithappensthattheywereabsent.Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews…)that…3)It+及物动词的被动语态+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that在非正规语体中可以省略。误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnatural（that）theyshouldlikeeachother.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn‘tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom高考链接【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是itdoesn’tmatter,主语从句则是whoitisthatI’mtalkingto.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who.Who既是一个引导词，也在itis中作表语.如果再细一点，