人教版九年级英语第十三单元知识点总结Unit13.We’retryingtosavethemanatees!一.单词litterbottomfishermancoaluglyadvantagecostwoodenplastictakeawaybinsharkfincruelharmfulbeharmfultoatthetopofchainthefoodchainecosystemindustrylawscientifictakepartinaffordturnoffreusablepayfortakeactiontransportationrecyclenapkinthrowawayputsthtogoodusepull...downupsidegatebottlepresidentinspirationironworkmetalbringbackcreativity二.1.现在进行时定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构:①肯定句:主语+am/is/are+V-ing②否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+V-ing③疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+V-ing用法:1)表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。①Look!Thebigbirdisflyingaway.②Heiswatchingamovienow.2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。RightnowIamstudyingChinesebydistancelearning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。1)2)常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词,如:now,rightnow,atthe(very)moment,forthetimebeing,atpresent,thesedays及Look!Listen!...3)与always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副词连用,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意①Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你总是主意不定。(太烦人了)②Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人)4)对于come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。①HeisleavingonWednesday.②Maryisn’thereatthemoment.Sheiscominglater.2.usedtodo见第四单元及use用法3.被动语态见第五单元注意:接双宾语的词的被动语态;make/let/havesbdo的被动语态;see/hear/notice/find/observesbdo的被动语态;It’ssaid/reported/believed/supposed/well-known;及无被动语态的三种情况(感官动词、不及物动词、sell/write等)4.现在完成时:用法:①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:强调结果YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:强调继续Ihavelivedheresince1990.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearned200words.⑧howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2两词组havehasgoneto去了某地例:HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京,没回)havehasbeento去过某地例:HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京,回了)3两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去时间点LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelast/pastfewyears.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例:Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有:Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)It’s/Ithasbeen3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.(改为固定句型Itis/Ithasbeen---since---)Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have代替buy)另外①come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.(错)改为:Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)改为:Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为:Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为:Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beoverHehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为:Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦joinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→haveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)改为:Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)改为:Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下:break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost5.情态动词1)情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,但不能单独作谓语,只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)等。2)情态动词无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式,也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。1.can和could的用法(1)can/could表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could为can的过去式。如:CanIuseyourbike?(2)can用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用can;could用在疑问句中,比can更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。如:—Couldyoutellmethewaytothezoo?—Sorry.Ican't.I'mnewhere。[注意]can和could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态,将来时中用beableto。另外,can't可表示否定推测。如:That______beMrWang.HehasgonetoBeijing。2.may和might的用法may/might意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。may的否定形式为maynot。might是may的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't,而不用maynot。如:______Iuseyourpen?我可以用你用的钢笔吗?Youmayputonmoreclothes.Mayyoubehappy!MightIborrowsomemoneynow?Hemightbealive.3.must的用法must意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustn't,表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:I______finishmyworktoday。Youmustn'tdriveafterdrinking。(1)must与haveto的区别:must表示说话人的主观意愿;haveto表示客观需要。如:Imustdomyhomeworkfirst。Itisraininghardoutside;I_____stayathome。(2)回答由must引导的疑问句的提问①肯定回答:Yes,…must.如:—MustIgohomenow?—Yes,youmust.②否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn'thaveto.—MustIgohomenow?—No,you______.(3)must表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,如:Themanmustbeourteacher。4.need的用法(1)need表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要,不必”;对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答