英语中的比较级与最高级

英语中的比较级与最高级•绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级positivedegree,比较级comparativedegree和最高级superlativedegree,以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。•形容词的原级:形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如:poortallgreatgladbad•形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。•规则变化如下:1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。•greatgreatergreatest•warmwarmerwarmest•longlongerlongest•strongstrongerstrongest2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。•widewiderwidest•closecloserclosest•bravebraverbravest(3)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-iest构成.•happyhappierhappiest•funnyfunnierfunniest•healthyhealthierhealthiest•tidytidiertidiest(4)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。•hothotterhottest•redredderreddest•fatfatterfattest•sadsaddersaddest•thinthinnerthinnest(5)部分双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成。difficult,popular,helpful,cheerful,tired不规则变化如下：•原级------比较级------最高级good,well------better------bestbad,ill------worse------worstlittle------less------leastfew------fewer------fewestmany,much------more------mostfar------farther/further------farthest/furthestold------older/elder------oldest/eldestlate------later/latter------latest/lastcleanhelpfuleasycheerfultidyimportantclosebigwidecleverhealthytiredhotgoodsadfarcleanercleanesteasiereasiesttidiertidiestcloserclosestwiderwidesthealthierhealthiesthotterhottestsaddersaddestmore~most~more~most~more~most~biggerbiggest~er~estmore~most~betterbestfartherfarthest形容词比较级的用法:•1)同级比较•肯定形式：as+adj./adv.原级+as“和…一样…”•e.g.Thisappleisasbigasthatone.•否定形式：notso/as+adj./adv.原级+as“和…不一样…”•Hedoesn’twriteascarefullyashissister.•2)差别比较“比…更…一些”，常用连词than引导状语从句。•①A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B.•IthinkEnglishismorepopularthanJapanese.•②A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.•MikestudiesharderthanHelen.常用来修饰比较级的词：much,even,still,somuch,alittle,abit,alot,far等。只能修饰原级不能修饰比较级的：very,quite,so,ratherThisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.Tom’sfatherisalittlefatterthanJim’s.1.Ourteacheris___________thanweare.我们老师的个子比我们的高。2.Itis_________todaythanitwasyesterday.今天的天气比昨天暖和。3.Thispictureis___________thanthatone.这张照片比那张照片漂亮。4.Thesunis_____________thanthemoon.太阳比月亮大得多。5.Hishandwritingis_____（well）.Hewrites______(good)inhisclass.6.Sandyis________(lazy)personinhisclass.7.Tomisa______(care)boy.Hedoeseverything_______(careful).Hedoeseverything_____________inhisfamily.tallerwarmermorebeautifulmuchmorebiggergoodbestthelaziestcarefulcarefullymostcarefully形容词和副词最高级的用法:•形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为:①A+连系动词+形容词最高级+of/in/among…AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.②A+实义动词+副词最高级+of/in/among…Whorunsfastestinourschool?比较级和最高级的特殊句型：①比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”Whenitisgoingtorain,itcangetdarkeranddarker.②比较级+thananyother+单数名词“比其他任何……都……”ChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.③the+比较级…,the+比较级…“越……,就越……”Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.④the+比较级+ofthetwo“两个中较……的那个”Heisthetallerofthetwo.⑤Which/Whois+比较级，AorB?“A和B哪一个/谁更……?”Whichismoreinteresting,swimmingordiving?Which/Whois+the+最高级，A,BorC?“哪一个/谁最……?”Whichisthefastestwaytotravel,byplane,bybusorbytrain?⑥oneofthe+最高级+复数名词“最……之一”IthinkHarryPotterisoneofthemostpopularnovels.⑦the+序数词+最高级“第几最……”BeijingDuckisthesecondnicestdishIhaveevermet.•Sheis____________studentinherclass.她是班上最好的学生。•Shanghaiisoneof___________citiesinChina.•上海是中国最大城市之一。•Thisis______________appleIhaveevertasted.这是我尝到的最甜的苹果。•Tomis___________boyinhisbasketballteam.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最矮的孩子。thebestthebiggestthesweetesttheshortest1.Whichis___,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strongB.strongest•C.strongerD.thestrongest2.Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorJapanese?•A.easyB.themosteasy•C.theeasiestD.muchmoreeasy3.Whichis____interesting,science,MathorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.too4.Whichcityis____,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?•A.beautifulB.morebeautiful•C.muchmorebeautifulD.themostbeautiful5.Whichmonthis____,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottestCCBDD