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Lesson1一．句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。句子成分意义例句主语TheSubject表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。LucyisAnAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.谓语ThePredicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。Wearebothquiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsteachmath.表语ThePredicative说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ittastesgreat.Wewereathomelastnight.宾语TheObject表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么。Letmetellyouwhatheislike.He’splayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?宾语补足语TheObjectComplement用来补充宾语的意义，一般置于宾语之后，由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等充当。Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.Mymotherwantsmetodrinkit.定语TheAttribute用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。Peelthreebananas.What’syourname,please?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.状语TheAdverbial用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。Ilikeitverymuch.Peopleareallworkinghard.HongKongisnotverycoldinwinter.二．句子的类型1.句子按其结构可分为以下几种类型类别构成例句简单句TheSimpleSentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。Igetupatsixinthemorning.MymotherandIoftengoshopping.Somestudnetswalkorridebikestoschool.并列句TheCompoundSentence由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。Shedoesn’tlikescience,andshethinksititboring.Ilikegardens,butIdon’tlikehardwork.Schoolstartsateight,soIgetupatsixthirty.复合句TheComplexSentence由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.2.简单句的五种基本句型（FiveKindsofSimpleSencences）类别谓语部分Predicate主语Subject(S)谓语动词Verb(V)表语Predicative(P)宾语Object(O)宾语补足语ObjectComplement(OC)第1种S+VWeexercise.(不及物动词)第2种S+V+OIlike(及物动词)bananas.第3种S+V+PTheyare(系动词)student.第4种S+V+indirectO+directOShegave(及物动词)meapen.(直接（间接宾语）宾语）第5种S+V+O+OCHemade(及物动词)theboylaugh.Lesson2一．感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐，一般用感叹词what和how引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰的中心词是名词。(一)What引导的感叹句基本结构：1.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词（单数）+主语+谓语！（主谓可省）Whatabeautifulgirl(sheis)!2.What+形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）+主语+谓语！（主谓可省）Whatcutepuppies(theseare)!Whatlovelyweather(itis)!(二)How引导的感叹句基本结构是：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语，Howterrifyingtheexperienceis!多么可怕的经历啊！Lesson3表示给予的动词带双宾语英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所指向的人或物（多指人）。这些动词通常是“给予”的意思。授人以物：Helentmeabook.他借给我一本书。授物予人：Helentabooktome.他借了一本书给我。与to相连的（常有给予的含义）：give,take,pass,read,sell,buy,pay,hand,bring,show,promise,offer,owe、bring带给leave留给pass递给read读给sell卖给teach教给write写给give给予lend借给pay付给show出示给take带给，拿给tell告诉，讲给offer提供给post寄给hand交给owe欠promise答应给与for相连的（常有给/为某人干某事的意思）buy给...买call给...叫choose给...挑选cook给..做饭do给...做fetch给...取来find给...找到leave给...剩/留下order给...点【菜】get给...弄到make给...做/煮save给...存钱keep给...保存Lesson4.excitev.使激动，兴奋interestv.使感兴趣surprise使...惊讶bore使...厌烦excitedadj激动的interestedsurprisedboredexcitingadj.令人激动的interestingsurprisingboringtrouble使...烦恼confuse使...困扰tire使...疲倦scare使惊吓troubledconfusedtiredscaredtroublingconfusingtiringscaringworry使...担心impress使...印象深刻embarrass使..尴尬satisfy使...满意worriedimpressedembarrassedsatisfiedworryingimpressiveembarrassingsatisfying比较1.receive:收到，被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚receive/havealetterfromsb.accept:同意接受ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersfromaboy,butIdidacceptit.take:主动地“拿”“取”Ireceivedabeautifulpenfrommyuncle.Mybrothertookitformeyesterday.2.center指事物的中心（如球心）指更准确的中心点，正中心middle中间，中部，不如center精确3.workfor在...上班/任职强调workI’mworkingforaschool.workin强调地点（在哪个地方上班）IamworkingintheBosiEnglishschool.workat上班Sheworksatadepartmentsore.Lesson5.1.intheway挡路，妨碍ontheway在路上inthisway用这种方法bytheway附带说一句,顺便问一下inaway在某种意义上，在某个方面2.extra----sparefreetime----sparetimeyoudon’twant-----tosparetheroomdoesn’tuse----spareroomdon’tkill----spare（饶恕）Lesson6knockat:敲：Abeggerknockedatmydoor.knocksthoff碰掉Iknockedthevaseoffthetableandbrokeit.knockoff下班Healwaysknocksoffatsixo’clock.knock...off削价Theshopassistantknocked10%offthebill.knockover撞倒Acarknockedtheboyover.knockout打昏Inthefight,thethiefknockedthepolicemanout.Lesson7.puton穿上takeoff脱下giveaway赠送，泄露wakeup叫醒lookfor寻找askfor请求cutoff切掉，砍掉giveback归还lookat看liftup拿/提/抬/举起throwaway扔掉，丢弃sendaway赶走，开除pulldown拉倒，拆毁makeup化妆，构成，形成Lesson8.1.enter进入：Everyonestoodupwhenheenteredtheroom.enterfor参加Everybodyentersforthecompetition.2.every复合而成的不定代词为单数Lesson9notany=nonotanyone=noonenotanybody=nobodynotanything=nothingnotanywhere=nowhereLesson101.madein表产地ItwasmadeinGermany.madeof表用某种材料制成Theteapotismadeofsilver.madefrom表示用数种材料制成Glassismadefromsandandlime.madby表示制造人Thiscakewasmadbymysister.2.oneofmy...s=a...ofmineHeisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriendofmine.oneofher...s=a...ofhersLilylentmeoneofherbooks.Shelentmeabookofhis.Lesson11.1.salary:每月由公司存入个人账户的薪水（尤指成功人士）wages:是以现我形式支付的周薪（尤指手工劳动者）2.borrow:借入borrowsthfromsb.lend:借出lendsthtosb=lendsbsth3.V+sbtodosthwant/help/teach/advise/allowsbtodosthLesson12.beaway离开beback回来beout不在，出去bein在家benotin不在，出去be(all)over过去了，结束了beon上映benotupto不能胜任setoff/setout出发setup建立，创立Lesson13形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词，人称代词主格，宾格Lesson141.ask问（一个问题）askfor要求（某样东西）2.except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的。except用在句首时往往改用exceptforexceptfor后排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。TheroomwasverycoldexceptforJack.Itisahappydaytodayexceptfortheweather.apartfrom其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换在，有时可代替besides.except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体