高考中的初中英语语法知识介词用法(Theuseofpreposition)介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句)构成介词短语,在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词:at、in、on、for、to合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout.短语介词:accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof双重介词:frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词:considering,including,judgingfrom/by1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.总结1:介词后常接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式组成介词短语。总结2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补。Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers二.介词搭配1.动词+介词robsbofsth(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/fill)makesthof/from/into介词+the+人体部位(strike/catch/hit/preventsbfromdoingpersuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason)buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read)givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand)saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper)同一介词与不同动词(to/for/at…同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand…2.形容词+介词afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar1.I’mafraid_____beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_____us.2.Einsteinwasknown______histheoryofrelativity_____afamousphysicsscientist______theworld.3.Heisangry_____whathise-palhassaidforheistired_____beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar______thefictionbecauseitisverypopular______teenagerssofar.3.名词+介词1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.2.Thegirlhasagoodway_____studyingEnglish.3.Thekey_____successliesindiligenceandwisdom.三重点介词的用法归纳与辨析1.表示世纪、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on3.在某一时刻、或某一点时间用at.4.till,until,to的用法。1)till/until与延续动词连用,用于肯定句,与短暂动词连用用在否定句(在句首、强调句不用till).2)to表终结常与from连用from…to…fromtimetotimefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohousefromone+名词+toanother表“依次”名词+by+同一名词onebyone…5.in,after,laterin+一段时间.常用一般将来时。after+一段时间.常用一般过去时。after+点时间.用各种时态。一段时间+later过去时6.地点介词:at,on,in,to,offacross,throughover,underbelow,aboveto(静态),towards(动态),along7.表示方式、手段、工具的介词by/through(表泛指的方式、手段)by(交通工具类)by/with/in(方式、手段)1.Theboylikeswriting_____apenandespeciallylikeswriting_____blueandblackink.2.Hegotfullmark_____hisowneffort,heoftencontactswithhisepals_____email.8.表“除…之外”的介词besides,but=except,exceptfor,exceptthat…注意:1)前面有不定代词、疑问代词时,多用butAllbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesliterature.2)后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.3)固定短语havenochoicebuttodosth(只得做某事)cannotbutdosth=cannothelpbutdosth(不得不)butfor/butthat…(要不是)9.between/among(三者以上)1)Maryissitting_____TomandwangLi.2)Shewasbusy_____cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.3)Shanghaiis_____thelargestcitiesintheworld.4)Ahorsecanbeseen_____treesnow.1.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting______hisillness.2.Thereason______hisbeingangryisthathelosthiscellphone.3.______aheavysnow,thehighwayhasbeenclosedup.4.Theaccidentis______thedriver’sdrinking.10表原因的介词:for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof11.不定式复合结构中的for,of1)Itisclever______youtoanswersuchadifficultanswer.2)Itismean______hertogivemesolittlepocketmoney.3)Itisquiteimpossible_____himtoexplainwhy.4)Itishard______youtolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutperseverance.12.兼类词(兼作连词和副词)aftersincetill/untilbefore.;线图经典图解cth70dwc音如何,约略听到点风声,似乎跟井有关,恐怕不是什么正路好事,老太太没发话,便不敢多谈,静了静,明秀一根、一根的抚过戎琴弦,笑道:“五弟,宝音姑娘若在这里,必定也劝你从开初便小心些,后头可省多少麻烦。”苏含萩立即点头,叫过青翘训道:“少爷年轻不知事,你也不知吗?料你向来行事是端正细致的,这才派你到少爷屋里服侍,再过几个月官中算总帐了,要紧时候,这么大马虎眼你也不提点着!”嘴又快又甜的大丫头这时候也不敢快语、也不敢笑了,低头承训:“姑奶奶教训得是!”明秀恰在此时发出一个轻轻的诧异声,欢快道:“哎哟,我想到这琴怎么弹了!”众人注意力都被她吸引过来,她取来明蕙手中那竹棍,去刮拨那琴弦。呀!原来这弦比中原的琴弦硬朗很多,手指拨上去,发音闷闷的,用硬竹棍拨,便立时的激越清昂起来,音势宏大,竟比琵琶还壮丽些。明秀即兴取琴谱之乐章,在戎琴上奏了一段,便是苏小横在窗边听得的隐隐乐声了。这段奏完,众人皆喝彩不已,明秀丢下竹棍,摇头笑道:“这戎器,响成这样!太失体统。”明柯忙道:“闻说戎境植被丰富、地势崎岖、房屋低陋,他们习惯露天生活,大概因此,乐器什么的都要响亮些吧!你想,朋友见面,动不动一个在高山上、一个在低谷里,弹个琴给对方听,轻了怎么听得见!”明蕙“吃”的笑出声来,以帕子掩住了嘴。苏含萩似笑非笑睇着明柯。明柯暗道不好,勾着头住了嘴,苏含萩却过来,抚摩他的肩膀,上下看看,叹了一声:“你这猴儿。你这猴儿!偏是这些事上有聪明。我问你,你买琴的所在,是不是恪思阁?”这是锦城最负盛名的戎商铺。明柯脸上泛起佩服之色,垂手道:“是。”苏含萩又道:“那个阁里,据我所知,还从没卖过假货。阁主放话说,一个真正的商人,从真货上能赚到的钱,绝对比在假货上能赚到的多。是不是这样?”第十八章暗度戎琴成新赏(4)明柯眼里,已经有“士逢知己”的笑意:“姑姑知道得真多。”苏含萩便道:“你信他,所以就问都不多问。因你知道,这几年,连锦城眼力最辣、盘货最多的几个老爷叔们都盛赞他们信誉,你再小心,也不可能越过那几位爷叔去。若真千万分之一机会,证明了他们拿假货空手套白狼,爷叔们都上当了。那恪思阁商誉上的损失,比你买一件古董的损失还大。你前思后想清楚,既不必、也无谓跟他们斗眼力,所以索性懒一点,是么?”她滔滔分析完了,明柯腰杆骄傲的越挺越直,直得无可再直了,苏含萩猛的在他额角上戳一指头,把他打回原型:“可我宁愿你有时候别那么懒!憨一点儿勤一点儿呢!怕什么?你可知道真正学成大学问、成就大事的,都是有点憨劲儿的人!”明柯悚然一惊,颇有点儿悲伤的应道:“是!”苏含萩