搜索
2019-2020年高考英语阅读微技能训练科普类阅读I.科普类文章的特点科普知识与现代技术是高中课程标准规定的话题之一。此类题材的文章涉及内容广泛，如天文地理、生物医药、发明创造、计算机技术等等。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：1.文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。2.句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3.常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。4.科技环保类文章在高考英语试题中出现的频率最高，一直是高考的主要测试内容，此类文章一般为说明文，但也常常夹杂着叙述和议论，并经常出现一些较新的科技名词或术语。着重从不同侧面考查学生筛选、提取、推断信息的能力。考生若经常阅读英语报刊，具备丰富的课外知识，并积累一定的时新词汇，对解读此类文章会大有帮助。[Example1]Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace，butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack，itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway，andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample，theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspinesthatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants，suchastheoaktree，havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial；eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal’steeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillarbitesatobaccoleaf，theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina，forinstance，haspricklyleaves，andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom.Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1.Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemostanimals_____________.A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily2.Todefendthemselves，oaktreesuse___________.A.chemicalmeansB.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicalsD.sandymaterials3.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeavesSummary:这类文章的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中细节和推理判断题居多。建议如下：1.细节理解题的解答关键是依靠题干找准答题区间，着重研读某一段落，注意用词的肯定性、可能性、推测性便能解决问题。2.推理判断题的解答，要先整体感知；然后再扣住关键语句，充分认识哪些信息是最重要的，是事关全局的，增强筛选和提取的自觉性；最后对照题目，逐一找准题干每一选项对应的区间，按需踩点，与原文进行对照比较，瞻前顾后找准联系。3.要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由导语(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主体(Mainbody)和结尾(End)五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多。因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，常在此要设计一道推理判断题。[Example2]Forthosewhoaretireddoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat”wasamonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstallalargenumberofinternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smart”.Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhenehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thepanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityratevaryingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyacplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.5.WhatcanbeinferredfromthemonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?A.Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.B.theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.C.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlife.D.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice7.WecanconcludeformSamsung’sstatementsthat___________.A.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasierB.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorningC.smartphonecanshortenthedryingtimeD.weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome8.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.ThelaundryshouldbefrequentlycheckedB.LazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachinesC.GoodtechnologiesalsocauseproblemsD.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.II.PracticeImaginethatyourparentshaveboughtyouthemostadvancedrobot.Helookslikearealperson.Hetalkstoyouandplayswithyou.Hecaneventhinkforhimselfandfigureoutwhatyouneed.Itmayfeel