详细的计算机导论课件

Chapter13SystemsAnalysisandDesign13-2Competencies(Page1of2)•Describethesixphasesofthesystemslifecycle•Identifyinformationneedsandformulatepossiblesolutions•Analyzeexistinginformationsystems&evaluatethefeasibilityofalternativesystemsPage37413-3Competencies(Page2of2)•Identify,acquire获得,andtestnewsystemsoftwareandhardware•Switch转换fromanexistinginformationsystemtoanewonewithminimalrisk•Performsystemaudits审计andperiodicevaluationsPage37413-4Introduction•Mostpeopleinanorganizationareinvolvedwithaninformationsystemofsomekind.Fortheorganizationtocreateandusethesystemrequiresthoughtandeffort.Fortunatelythereisasixstepprocessforaccomplishingthisasthischapterwillexplain.Page37513-5SystemAnalysisandDesign•Six-phaseproblem-solvingprocedureforexaminingandimprovinganinformationsystemPage37613-6Phase1PreliminaryInvestigation•PreliminaryInvestigationincludes:•Definetheproblem•Suggestalternativesystems•PrepareashortreportPage37713-7Phase2SystemsAnalysis•Analysistasksinclude:–Gatheringdata–Analyzingthedata–DocumentsystemsanalysisPage37913-10Phase3SystemsDesign•Designincludes3majortasks:•Designingalternativesystems–Economicfeasibility–Technicalfeasibility–Operationalfeasibility•Selectingthebestsystem•WritingthesystemsdesignreportPage38413-11Phase4SystemsDevelopment•ThetasksintheDevelopmentPhaseinclude:–Acquiringsoftware–Acquiringhardware–TestingthenewsystemPage38513-12Phase5SystemsImplementation•Newsystemisinstalledandpeoplearetrainedtouseit•Typesofconversion（类型转换）–Direct–Parallel–Pilot（适用）–Phased（分阶段）•TrainingPage38713-13Phase6SystemsMaintenance•Systemsmaintenanceisveryimportantandisanongoingactivity•Twoparts–Systemsaudit审计–PeriodicevaluationPage38913-14Prototyping（原型设计）andRapidApplicationsDevelopment•Alternativestothesystemslifecycle-Useifsystemslifecycleisnotfeasible–Prototypingisbuildingamodel–RAD–RapidapplicationsdevelopmentPage39013-15CareersinIT•SystemsAnalystsplananddesignnewsystemsorreorganizeacomputer’sresourcestobestutilizethem•Theyfollowthesystemslifecycle•Requiresabachelor’sdegreeincomputerscienceandtechnicalexperience•Canexpecttoearnanannualsalaryof$44,000to$87,000Page39113-16ALooktotheFutureTheChallengeofKeepingPace•Paceofbusinessisnowfaster•Tostaycompetitive,newtechnologiesmustbeincorporated•IncreaseduseofRADandprototyping•IncreaseduseofoutsideconsultingPage39213-17DiscussionQuestions(Page1of2)•Whatisasystem?Whatarethesixphasesofthesystemslifecycle?Whydocorporationsundergothisprocess?•Whatarethetoolsusedintheanalysisphase?Whatistop-downanalysis?Howisitused?•Describeeachtypeofsystemconversion.Whichisthemostcommonlyused?Page40113-18DiscussionQuestions(Page2of2)•Whatissystemmaintenance?Whendoesitoccur?•ExplainprototypingandRAD.Whenmighttheybeusedbycorporations?Page401