高中新课程：英语测试中MC的编写原则

1英语测试中MC的编写原则蔡银环福建教育学院外语研修部[e-mail]234英语测试中MC的编写原则一、研究MC编写的重要性（一）MC的占分比例大（二）对MC的编写存在着误解二、如何编写较高质量（效度高）的MC题（一）MC编写的基本步骤（二）MC编写的实践操作及注意事项三、结论5一、研究MC编写的重要性（一）MC的占分比例大2011年福建省8个地区市英语中考MC所占的比例（试卷满分150分）地区小题数总分福州75厦门75100宁德75115莆田68泉州100漳州70100三明90南平65956011980906中国高考全国卷和部分地方卷MC所占的比例小题数总分全国卷75115福建卷75115重庆卷75115天津卷75115湖北卷70110上海卷66107广东卷45907MC试题的分析试题主要包括：1.听力听句子听对话听短文2.语言知识运用语法和词汇口语应用完形填空阅读理解题型基本上是：1.多项选择（3选1或4选1）2.配对型3.取代型4.辨错型5.排序型6.补全型7.填空型8.TorF是非判断题8（二）对MC编写存在误解1.对编写干扰项的误解Eg1:It’stoowindytogoforawalk.A.swimB.danceC.driveD.strollEg2:Attheinterviewthepopstarwashesitativeabouthislatestromance.A.non-committalB.deadpanC.effusiveD.candid92.对语言测试的误解103.对语言使用的误解Eg1:WhenImetTimyesterday,itwasthefirsttimeI______him.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.havebeenseeingEg2:Ibrokemylegsand_________inbedforweeks.A.liedB.lainC.layD.laidlie–lied—lied(撒谎）lie—lay—lain（躺）lay—laid—laid（放置）Eg3:Ifmylegshadnotbeenbroken,Ishouldnot_____inbedforweeks.A.lieB.layC.havelainD.havelaid11二、如何编写较高质量（效度高）的MC题（一）MC题型编写的基本步骤1.定考点2.写题干和答案项3.写干扰项4.修整选项和题干5.排列选项6.答案分布12（二）MC编写的实践操作及注意事项1.定考点2.写提干和答案项3.写干扰项4.修整选项和题干8个“要”，10个“避免”5.排列选项6.答案分布131.定考点Eg1:Grammar—orientedexercisesIclimbedthestairsslowly,(1)abigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwastiredandatthesametimefeeling(2).Worsestill,Dadmissedastepandfell,sendingmynewcasesrolling(3)thestairs.“Damn!”hescreamed,hisfaceturningred.Iknewtroublewasahead.(4)Dad’sfaceturnedred,lookout.(1)carrying,carried,havingcarried(2)lonely,alone,lone(3)along,up,down(4)whatever,whenever,however.(1)carrying,carried,havingcarried(2)lonely,alone,lone(3)along,up,down(4)whatever,whenever,however.14Discourse—orientedexercisesIclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas(1)andatthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dadmissedastepandfell,sendingmynewcasesrollingdownthestairs.“Damn!”he(2),hisfaceturningred.Iknew(3)wasahead.WheneverDad’sfaceturnedred,lookout.（1）lazy,anxious,tired（2）cried,smiled,screamed（3）danger,trouble,difficulty15Eg2:You’regoingtothemovies,________?A.aren’tyouB.don’tweC.aren’ttheyD.aren’tI考点：1.附加主语2.附加的助动词3.附加的肯定和否定改为：You’regoingtothemovies,________you?A.aren’tB.don’tC.areD.do???16Eg3：Theoldworkerworkedvery_____,butwithgreatcare,andso,notvery_____.A.hard….quickB.hardly….quicklyC.hard…quicklyD.hardly…quick.（同时考查了语法和词汇）Conclusion:原则是考点单一172、据考点写题干和答案项题干要完整又要经济Don’tyouremember____________?A.seeingthemanbeforeB.toseethemanbeforeC.sawthemanbeforeD.tohaveseenthemanbefore改为：Don’tyouremember____________themanbefore?A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.tohaveseen???18所定考点的答案要确保唯一性Eg1：Itwasourneighbor’sopinionthatifKennedywasalivetoday,ABthecountrywouldhavefewerproblemsthanithasnow.CD给的答案是B，传统语法是要用were，其实现代英语这两个都普遍，甚至更多，所以是无答案。Eg2：Goandhave-------beforewesetout.A.somesleepB.thesleepC.sleepD.agoodsleep193、写干扰项MC干扰项编写的三大基本技巧：（1）学习者典型的弱点（2）对词的误解和错误联想（3）利用近似词的混淆20（1）学习者典型的弱点Eg1:----Theradio_____thattherewillbeanotherheavyraininGuangdong.----Toobad.Ithasrainedforthewholeweek.A.tellsB.talksC.saysD.speaksEg2:OnarrivinginHainanwesawabigslogan:“________toHainan!”A.WelcomeB.YouarewelcometocomeC.WelcomeyouD.Wewarmlywelcomeyoutocome21（2）对词的误解和错误联想Eg:Ourbosshasgoneforgood.A.gonetobuygoodsB.goneforagoodreasonC.gone,whichisagoodthingD.gone,andwillnotcomebackanymoregood22（3）利用近似词的混淆Eg1:Susan_______herfriend’sinvitationtothepicnicbecauseshehadtostayathomeandbabysitherlittlesister.A.receivedB.refusedD.replied(形式接近）Eg2:Hetriedto________hisanger.A.suppress压制B.compress压缩C.oppress压迫D.depress压抑（形式和意思都接近）234、修整选项和题干修整的内容有：考点答案项干扰项排列选项答案的分布修整的方法有：8个“要”10个“避免”2424ConstructsInstrumentsScalesobservableunobservablesamplinginferencevalidityReliabilityLanguageAbilityLanguageTestsScores.25修整的方法：8个“要”，10个“避免”8个“要”1.考点要明确2.答案要唯一3.指令要清楚准确4.干扰要都似乎有理5.干扰项要在同等难度6.选项长度要一致7.选项结构要一致8.选项要按恰当顺序排列10个“避免”1.避免偏颇2.避免题干有提醒了3.避免题干太空4.避免选项的重复5.提干避免使用否定，非得用就特别提示6.避免用TorF的方式考7.避免写两个选项的题目8.避免使用alloftheabove作为选项9.避免设陷阱10.避免受试者的主观决定268个“要”之1：考点要明确Eg1:Ineverknewwhere___________.A.hadtheboysgoneB.theboyshavegoneC.havetheboysgoneD.theboyshadgone(此题同时测了时态和词序)27Eg2:Notonlywasshehard-working,____________.A.howbeautifulshewasB.wasshehelpfulC.butalsoshewasverypoliteD.whataprettygirl9个考点：虚词notonly…butalso,how,what的句型结构。实词hard-working,beautiful,helpful,polite,pretty的意思。建议选项改为：A.howverypoliteshewasB.howverypolitewassheC.butwasshealsoverypoliteD.butshewasalsoverypolite288个“要”之`2：答案要唯一Eg1:Whichdoyouthinktastes______,thechickenorthefish?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best情况有3：Franklyonlyoneofthesetwodishestastesgood.Theothertastesawful.Whichdoyouthinktastesgood,thechickenorthefish?Thesetwodishes,thechickenandthefish,bothtastebetterthanalltheothers.Butwemustchooseoneforthefirstprize.Whichdoyouthinktastesbest,thechickenorthefish?You’vetriedmywife’stwofamousdishes–thechickenandthefish.Whichdoyouthinktastes_better?,thechickenorthefish?29Eg2：It’snogood____thestabledoorwhenthehorseisstolen.A.closing关起来B.shutting关起来C.locking锁起来D.fixing修理好答案是C。其实从语法，意义和搭配来看四个答案都行。Eg3:Greatmennevergiveup_________difficulty.A.infaceofB.infaceoft