2016高考完形填空解题技巧

高考英语专题复习--完形填空解题技巧指导完型填空试题主要特点：1.通常从一篇300-350词左右，文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；2.干扰项设计严密.一般情况下，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出语篇(语境)，强调应用，注重交际；4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.细读首句,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破正确的完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析细读文章的第一句话高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（TopicSentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。•对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间（when），地点(where)，和事件(what)等背景情况。例：Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全国卷（I）对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.…………….2010全国卷（II）词汇题高考完形填空考什么？篇章结构(语境)句际关系结合选项1.上下文和前后句的提示（复现、同/近义词、反义词）词汇题1.(2010北京卷)Mrs.Neidlwouldaskmeformy37.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought……ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto…….37.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intentionopinions语境-原词重现2.(2010陕西卷）Ihadsome28inmypocker,butIwouldnotgivethemtohim,thinkingtomyselfhewould29（only）usethemoneytofeedhisaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.28.A.chocolatesB.coinsC.tinsD.drugs语境-同义词、近义词复现3.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood____.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.AhearingBhealthCeyesightDtime4.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous5.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas___andatthesametimefeelinglonely.(NMET2000）AhelplessBlazyCanxiousDtiredD6.…andthenbothendedupfromthesamehighschool.Justthreeweeksbefore_____,BillaskedMarkiftheycouldtalk.(2003北京）AgraduationBmovementCseparationDvacationA7．Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Holdingspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe22areaslikethedesert.22．A．dryB．distantC．desertedD．wild8．Thecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe34thanfromthebelow.34．A．cloudsB．skyC．airD．above9．In1964ShirleygraduatedfromGallaudetandlookedfor_44_.Shewantedtobeindependentandworkfulltime.44.A.informationB.helpC.ajobD.anassistant10.Thestonemenface41,ratherthanouttosea,andtheireyesarefocuseduponthesky.41.A.forwardB.outwardC.onwardD.inward11.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyusedmodernchemistrytechnologyto45thepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtraces(痕迹)ofpaintdeepinthepicturedatingfromabout1814.45.A.tryB.removeC.washD.check2.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配1.（2010全国I)…Thenursehadhimtakea36inthewaitingarea,37(telling)himitwouldbeatleast40minutes38(before)someonewouldbeabletoseehim.36A.breathB.testC.seatD.break语境-固定搭配takea362.Thecity(Washington)wasnamed___GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after3.Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas____teaatthetime.A.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving4.Mark____downandhelpedtheboypickupthesearticles.(2003北京春50小题）A.fellB.satC.layD.knelt5.…,buttheyare_____damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest,’’SaidJohnNorris,oneoftheprotesters.（NMET1999第30题)A.doingB.raisingC.puttingD.producing6.He’d36hislifebrewingbeerforlocalbreweriesonlytomakealiving,37hadhisfatherandgrand－fatherbeforehim.36．A.costB.spentC.takeD.paid37．A.likeB.asifC.soD.nor7.IcalledmybeerSamuelAdams,51thebrewerandpatriot（爱国者）whohelpedtostarttheBostonTeaparty.51A.forB.atC.inD.after3.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义1.(2010江苏卷)Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced2.(2010全国I）Thehappiestpeopledon’t53(necessarily)havethebestofeverything；theyjust54thebestofeverythingtheyhave.54A.learnBmakeC.favorD.try语境-词义辨析36metojust54thebestof语境-词义辨析4.Theboywas___①____thewaterandhiscanoewas_②___away.①A.onB.withinC.inD.under②A.runningB.floatingC.flowingD.pulling3.SoonIhearda___likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout7.Thetrainerdecideditwasuselesstryingtofinish.HecalledtoTrudyto45.45．A.keepupB.slowdownC.giveupD.takeup8.Theforestbegantodisappear,which53alltheanimalsdyingout.53.A.resultedinB.resultedfromC.createdD.layin5.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择1.ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding生活常识常识、背景知识2.(2010福建)BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree.myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpusedthem37(aside),……36.A.custornB.gamesC.charactersD.language3.…,you__①__theinternationaldateline.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewday__②__.①A.seeB.crossC.areD.arestoppedby②A.iscomingB.isdiscoveredC.isinventedD.beginstheinternationaldateline是‘‘国际日期变更线’’，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为B和D逻辑手段2.逻辑手段让步关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系…1.（2010江苏卷)Thenshelook