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Society：社会类1.Urban:adjrelatingto,orcharacteristicofatownorcity城市的；都市的，与城市有关的；有城市特色的Eg.urbanconstruction/population/developmentTheurbanareaisusuallydenselypopulated.urbanize:vmakeorbecomeurbanincharacter使城市化，使都市化Eg.Theislandhasrecentlybeenurbanized.urbanization:nEg.Urbanizationhastakenplaceveryrapidlyindevelopingcountries.Metropolitan:adjof,relatingto,ordenotingametropolis大都会的，大城市的；有大城市气派的Eg.MetropolitanareaManypeoplecouldn’taffordtopurchasehousesinthemetropolitanareas.Metropolis:n(1)thecapitalorchiefcityofacountryorregion(国或地区的)首都，首府，首要城市（2）averylargeanddenselypopulatedindustrialandcommercialcity大都会，大城市Rural:relatingto,orcharacteristicofthecountrysideratherthanthetown农村的，（有关）乡村的；有乡村特点的Eg.Remoteruralareas遥远的农村地区Cropsaregrowninruralareas.Thechildreninbackwardedruralareasdon’thaveanaccesstobettereducationfacility.构词法：-ward（s）朝向…的Eg.Upward(s)downward(s)forward(s)backward(s)Eastward(s)westward(s)southward(s)northward(s)Homeward(s)Ruralize:vRuralization:nRustic:adjhavingasimplicityandcharmthatisconsideredtypicalofthecountryside淳朴的，朴素的；质朴的；乡下风格的Eg.rusticcostumeSuburban:adjoforcharacteristicofasuburb郊区的Eg.Suburbanlife近郊生活Suburbanize:vSuburbanization:n构词法：sub-:表示“下面，底下，往下”；“下级，次要，从属”Subway(underground)subtitlesub-zerotemperaturesubtropicalSubdividesubadult亚成体，接近成年的动物subcategory亚类，子种类，子范畴subconscioussubcontinent次大陆subsequent2.central:adjcentralize:v[oftenasadjcentralized]concentrate(controlofanactivityororganization)underasingleauthority将权力集中，集权（于一身）；使集权eg.ahighlycentralizedcountrycentralization:nDecentralize:v[oftenasadjdecentralized]transfer(authority)fromcentraltolocalgovernment分权Eg.Canadahasoneofthemostdecentralizedgovernmentsintheworld.Decentralization：nEg.thenewleaderadvocatesdecentralizationtopreventcorruption.构词法：de-:nonot否定Eg.DemeritdeforestdeformdegradeDecentralizedecreasedevalue3.Imbalance:nlackofproportionorrelationbetweencorrespondingthings不均衡，不平衡，失衡，失调Eg.Tensionisgeneratedbytheimbalanceofpower.构词法：im-:nonot否定前缀Eg.ImpossibleimproperimbalanceimmoralImperfectimmortal永生的，不朽的immeasurable不可估量的4.Infrastructure:nthebasicphysicalandorganizationalstructuresandfacilities(eg.Buildings,roads,powersupplies)neededfortheoperationofasocietyorenterprise基础结构，基础设施Eg.Economic/social/transportInfrastructure经济/社会/交通基础设施Chinahasrecentlyinvestedalotintheimprovementoftheinfrastructureofunderdevelopedcountries.5.commercial:adj（1）connectedwithorengagedcommerce贸易的，商业的，商务的eg.Acommercialagreement贸易协定（2）makingorintendedtomakeaprofit获利的，营利的，用作商品的eg.Commercialproducts商品（3）Havingprofit,ratherthanartisticorothervalue,asaprimaryaim以获利为主要目的的，商品化的Eg.Theirworkistoocommercial他们的作品过于商品化了。N:atelevisionorradioadvertisement电视广告，电台广告commercialize:v【oftenasadjbecommercialized】starttomanage(anorganizationoractivity)inawaydesignedtomakeaprofit使（组织，活动）商业化Eg.Themuseumhasbeencommercialized.Commercializedresortareas已开发的商业性游乐胜地commercialization:n6.Industry:ntourist/serviceindustrytertiaryindustry第三产业Industrial:adjIndustrialize:v【oftenasadjindustrialized】developindustriesin(acountryorregion)onawidescale.使（国家，地区）工业化Industrializednations工业化国家Industrialization:n7.polar:npolarize:vpolarization:n8.stable:adj(1)(ofanobjectorstructure)notlikelytogivewayoroverturn;firmlyfixed.(物体，结构)稳定的；稳固的，牢固的（2）（ofapatientortheirmedicalcondition)notdeterioratinginhealthafteraninjuryoroperation(患者或其伤后或术后身体状况）稳定的，没有恶化的Eg.Heisnowinastableconditioninhospital.(3)(ofaperson)saneandsensible;noteasilyupsetordisturbed(人）持重的，稳健的；心态平和的Eg.Theofficerismentallyandemotionallystable.该军官精神和情绪都很稳定（4）notlikelytochangeorfail;firmlyestablished持久的，稳固的Eg.astablerelationship稳定的关系Priceshaveremainedrelativelystable价格依然相对稳定stabilize:vmakeorbecomestableEg.Hisconditionappearstohavestabilized.Anemergencyprogrammedesignedtostabilizetheeconomystability:nthestateofbeingstableEg.socialstability/instability社会稳定/动荡Therearefearsforthepoliticalstabilityofthearea.构词法：动词后缀：-ize使成为；使变成；以…的特点行事Eg.ComputerizememorizesummarizelegalizerationalizeGlobalizeinternationalizespecializeutilizecriticizeapologizeurbanizemodernizeorganizeRuralizestabilizehospitabilizepolarizeIndustrializeCommercializecentralizedecentralizeprioritize9.distribute:vgiveashareorunitof(something)toeachofanumberofrecipients分发，分配Eg.Leafletsarebeingdistributedtohotels.distribution:nwealthdistribution财富分配allocate:vdistribute(resourcesorduties)foraparticularpurpose(为某目的）分配，分派（资源，责任）Eg.Theauthoritiesallocated50000placestorefugees.Studentsareallocatedaccommodationonayearlybasis.allocation:neg.Moreefficientallocationofresources资源的更有效配置10.employ:vemployment:employmentrate就业率unemployment：unemploymentrate失业率employer:nemployee:n11.explode:v(1)increasesuddenlyorrapidlyinsize,number,orextent激增，迅速扩大Eg.Theuseofthisdrugexplodedinthe90sEg.Populationexplosion(2)[withobject]cause(abomb)todothis使炸弹爆炸explosion:npopulationexplosion人口激增，爆炸Population:nalltheinhabitantsofaparticulartown,area,orcountry(城镇，地区或国家的）全体居民，人口Eg.Theislandhasapopulationofabout78,000alarge/smallpopulationAnincrease/afallinpopulation…Have/hasapopulationof…What’sthepopulationof…Areasofsparse/densepopulation: