基数词、序数词

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语法数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。基数词的构成1)1-20表达英语中有相对应的单词,两位数的表达方法为整数加个位数组成,如twenty-one;三位数如onehundredandtwenty-one,百位和十位之间加and,后面两位数要加连字符,四位以上只有在百位和十位之间加and,如1134onethousand,onehundredandthirty-four。英语中没有万,千万,亿等单位,如果需要表示万的话用thousand计算,例如1,4283fourteenthousandtwohundredandeighty-three;如果需要表示千万和亿的话用million计算,如2,1824,5200twohundredandeighteenmilliontwohundredandforty-fivethousandandtwohundred。2)用作基数词单位的hundred,thousand,million,billion不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:Abouttwothousandpeoplediedintheearthquake.大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideeveryyear.每年成千上万的人到海滨去。Two_________(hundred)ofstudentstookpartinthesportsmeetinglastweek.解析:正确答案为hundred.前面出现具体数字,后面只能用hundred,但是后面出现了of,很多学生会误写成hundreds,但是这边的of表示的范围,这句话的意思是:上周学生中的两百个人参加了运动会。3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:Heisinhisearlytwenties.他才二十出头。Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在20世纪30年代。数词和名词,形容词连用时有连字符和没有连字符在句中的位置是有区别的,例如five-year-old和fiveyearsold.有连字符的在句中做定语,修饰后面的名词;无连字符的在句中做表语,放在系动词后面。Thefive-year-oldboycandresshimself.那个5岁的孩子自己能穿衣服了。Mysonisafive-year-oldboy.我的儿子是一个五岁的男孩。基数词变序数词1)许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的,如four/fourth,sixteen/sixteenth;twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加-th构成。几个常考的不规则变化序数词需注意:ninth,twelfth,fortieth,ninetieth等。2)非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),threehundredandsixty-fifth(第365)等。3)序数词前通常要用定冠词,但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时,通常省略其前的定冠词。如:Todayismyfather’sfortiethbirthday.4)序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。如:Thoughhehadfailedtwice,hewantedtotryathirdtime.尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。数词的用法1)时刻的表示:小时,分钟,秒钟都用基数词表示,例如:fiveo'clock,seventhirty,twotoeight等。2)年,月,日的表示:“日月年或月日年”。如,2009年5月1日在英语中可写为“May1st,2009”或“1stMay,2009”。年份用基数词,日用序数词。例如:五月八号写作Maytheeighth表示在几世纪这个概念时,用序数词。例如:在21世纪写作inthetwenty-firstcentury.3)分数(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:onefifth五分之一onetenth十分之一(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。如:twothirds三分之二fiveeighths八分之五(3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。如:asecond=onesecondathird=onethird(4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。如:ahalf二分之一threequarters四分之三4)百分数百分数用percent表示。如:fortypercent百分之四十threepercent百分之三5)编号的表示:基数词放到名词的后面,前面的名词要大写;序数词放在名词的前面,要加定冠词。例如:Lesson1,thefirstlesson.6)与数词有关的钟点表达法顺读法(钟点十分钟)如,4:30fourthirty4:15fourfifteen倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点)如,4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour/aquarterpastfour7).分数、百分数与主谓一致分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan.我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish.我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater.地球上三分之二的水是海水。巩固练习用英语写出下列数字300____________________500____________________785____________________1000____________________5,129____________________16,431____________________100,000____________________1,000,000____________________654,962__________________________________________3,523,976________________________________________单项选择1.I’dlike______bowlsofnoodles.Oneisformyselfandtheothertwoareformyparents.A.one,B.twoC.threeD.four2____________,youcanworkouttheMathsproblemeasily.A.InthiswayB.OnthewayC.InthewayD.Onthisway3.Igotabeautifulbikeon________birthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB,fifteenC,myfifteenD.myfifteenth4.---What’sonthedesk?---There____________somebooks.A.beB.areC.isD.am5.---Hello,MayIspeaktoDavid,please?---yes,_______.A.IamDavidB.David,pleaseC.mynameisDavidD,thisisDavidspeaking6.Gina’sbirthdayis__________thefirstofJune.A.inB.onC.atD.for7.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage(页)_____andlookatthe_______picture.A.Fifth;fiveBFive;fifthCFifth;fifth;DFive;five8:Thereare_________studentsinourschool.A.onethousand,ninehundredandforty-fiveB.onethousand,ninehundredandfourtyfiveC.onethousandandninehundred,forty–fiveD.onethousandandninehundredandforty-five9.Elevenplusoneis________.A.twelfthBtwelveC.thirteenD.ten10.Yesterdaymyteachergaveme_________onhowtolearnEnglish.A,someadvicesB.manyadvicesC.anadviceD.someadvice综合练习一.单项选择题1.Duringtheseven-dayMayDayholiday,_____familieswentsightseeing.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsandthousandsD.thousandsof2.I’veread______sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof3.DuringWorldWarII,aJewish(犹太的)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher_____.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethD.thefiftieth4.Itissaidthat______ofthestudentsliketohelptheirparentswiththehousework.A.three-fifthsB.third-fifthsC.thirds-fifthD.three-fifth5.Wecansee_____________starsintheskyatnight.A.athousandofB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof6.Itisreportedthatabout______ofthecustomerswanttobuyproductsmadeinChina.A.two-threesB.two-thirdsC.second-threeD.two-third7.Nowclass,pleaseopenyourbooksandturnto_____.A.32pagesB.page32C.32ndpageD.pages328.A:HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingfortheOlympicGamesin2008?B:It’shardtosay.___________people,Ithink.A.MillionofB.MillionsofC.TwomillionsofD.Twomillionof9.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.A.ten-year-oldB.tenyearsoldC.ten-years-oldD.fifthyearsold10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________.A.inhissixtyB.inhissixtiesC.insixtiesD.inthesixty11.Thisclassroomis________ours.A.threetimesbigasB.asthreetimesbigasC.th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