名词的分类可数名词的复数变化不可数名词的计量表示名词的所有格名词名词的分类总的来说——专有名词:个别的人、事物、地点等GinaChinaParis注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写普通名词:除专有名词外的其它名词类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen,student,desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体school,family,class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物tea,water,paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work,time,news专有名词某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称Shanghai,China,TheGreatWall,Party名词的分类按所表示事物的性质——可数名词可数名词有单复数形式:apen,threepens不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数形式,可借助表示“单位”的词来表示量的多少可数名词的复数变化①一般情况下直接在后面加-scomputer→computersmobile→mobiles②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的在后面加-esglass→glassesbox→boxeswatch→watcheswish→wishes可数名词的复数变化③“o”:“元音字母+o”结尾直接加-sradio→radioszoo→zoos“辅音字母+o”结尾一般加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes特别地,缩写词和外来词后面直接加-skilo(kilogram)→kilosphoto(photograph)→photospiano(外来词,意大利语)→pianos可数名词的复数变化④“y”“元音字母+y”结尾直接加-sholiday→holidaysboy→boys“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i加-esfamily→familiescity→citiescountry→countries可数名词的复数变化⑤以f或fe结尾的,一般变f/fe为v加-esleaf→leavesknife→kniveshalf→halves树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(myself)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)上山岗,架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼(wolf),好像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。注意:有少数这类名词直接加-s:roof→roofs⑥以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的词直接加-sprice→pricescase→casesorange→oranges可数名词的复数变化⑦不规则名词的复数变化child→childrenman→menpoliceman→policemenwoman→womenEnglishman→Englishmen(但German→Germans)foot→feettooth→teeth个别名词单复数同形sheepdeerfishChineseJapanese别给它们的外表骗了虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:Physics,Maths,politics专有名称:NiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉瀑布)其他名词:news(消息,新闻)Ithinkphysics____themostdifficultsubjecttolearn.A.isB.amC.beD.are常见不可数名词物质名词食物bread,meat,rice,cheese,fish,beef饮料milk,cola,coffee,wine,tea自然物质water,air,soil,sand,wood抽象名词情感love,joy,happiness概念experience,knowledge,energy,population学科math,geography,physics,chemistry中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中国人,Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联盟:Englishman-EnglishmenEnglishwoman-EnglishwomenFrenchman-FrenchmenFrenchwoman-Frenchwomen澳、加(真)美:Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians,American-Americans5.特殊变化的名词。(1)man→woman→policeman→Englishman→Frenchman→German→Germany(2)foot→tooth→goose→(3)child→6.单数和复数同形的名词(中日人民爱吃鱼鹿羊)Chinese→Japanese→sheep→fish→deer→7.只有复数没有单数的名词。people,police,glasses,clothes,trousers,shorts,socks,scissors注意:people:_______peoples:_______可数名词的复数形式menwomenpolicemenEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansfeetteethgeesechildrenChineseJapanesesheepfishdeer人们民族名词词组变复数情况:两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词后加-s。如:girlstudentsboyfriendstwinsistersappletrees但如果前面一个名词是man或woman时前后两个名词都要变复数。如:wamandoctor—womendoctorsmanteacher—menteachers完成中考宝典P26第一题第二小题不可数名词的计量表示不能直接在不可数名词前加数词,但可以借助表示“单位”的词来表示acupofteaaglassofmilktwopiecesofnewsthreepiecesofbreadfourbagsofrice两面派在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词,又可以作可数名词。但它们的意思往往也不大相同,特别注意。例如作不可数名词作可数名词room空间房间glass玻璃玻璃杯;镜子;眼镜orange橙汁橙子chicken鸡肉小鸡time时间次数;时代paper纸张报纸;试卷work工作著作,作品1.–Wouldyouhelpmemovethetablein?--Butthereisnotenough____forit.A.placeB.floorC.roomD.ground2.–Youalwaysfinda(n)___whenyoudosomethingwrong--Iamsorry.I’lltrytostopdoingthat.A.excuseB.troubleC.luckD.help3.—Lucy,doyoulike____?—Yes.Mostofmyclothesare____.A.anorange;anorangeB.orange;orangeC.oranges;orangesD.oranges;anorangeexercise不同意思时的区别不同意思时,可以表示可数名词,也可以表示不可数名词chicken→chickens(“小鸡”可数,“鸡肉”不可数)fish→fish/fishes(“鱼”“鱼的种类”可数,“鱼肉”不可数)paper→papers(“试卷”“论文”可数,“纸张”不可数)orange→oranges(“橘子”可数,“橙汁”不可数)名词的所有格①单数名词或词尾没有-s的复数名词,直接在词后加-’sTom’sbag,Women’sDay,China’scapital②以-s结尾的复数名词或单数名词,直接在词后加-’Teachers’Day,theboys’football,Ross’bag③并列名词的所有格有两种情况:一种表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加-’sKateandJoan’sroom一种表示分别所有,则在每个名词词尾加-’sKate’sandJoan’srooms名词的所有格表示无生命的事物的名词,一般用of结构来表示所属关系themapofChina,thelegsoftable双重所有格①用of结构与名词所有格-’s结合构成双重所有格afriendofmymother’s,onebookofhisbrother’s②用of结构加名词性物主代词构成双重所有格apenofmine,aneighbourofhis不可数名词的用法1)不能与a/an或者数字连用,没有复数形式,表示特指某物时可与定冠词the连用2)不可数名词的量:借助数量词来表示一定数量,即“数词+量词+of+名词”来表示,注意:量词有数的变化。常见的量词有:piece,cup,bag,bottle,glass,box,bowl,plate,set,kind试试看!1.两块面包2.三块肉3.四瓶橙汁4.五碗米饭5.六袋米6.七杯茶7.八杯牛奶8.九篮橙子9.十箱梨twopiecesofbreadthreepiecesofmeatfourbottlesoforangefivebowlsofricesixbagsofricesevencupsofteaeightglassesofmilkninebasketsoforangestenboxesofpears【中考题,soeasy!】----Howmany________arethereinthekitchen?----onlytwo.A.bagofriceB.bagsofriceC.bagsofrices----Wouldyoulikesometea?---Nothanks,Ihavedrunktwo_______.A.bottleoforangeB.bottlesoforangesC.bottlesoforangeD.bottleoforanges3)A.修饰可数名词和不可数名词的数量词有:some,any,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等。B)只用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有:much,agreatdealof,abit,quitealittle,little,等。1.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore____becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.A.orangeB.vegetablesC.icecreamD.fish2.山西Let’sgetsome_______abouttourismontheinternet.A.informationB.messageC.invention注意以下不可数名词O9河北Thenews______veryinteresting!Tellmemore!A.isB.areC.wereD.was在汉语中常被用作可数名词,而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词,如:fun,work,advice,weather,homework,news,money,information,bread,hair,chalk,furniture等。名词可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如:鞋厂shoefactory,邮局postoffice,晚报eveningpaper,夜校nightschool法律学校lawschool但也有例外,如:男/女教师men/womenteachers运动会sportsmeeting名词也兼职(名词作定语)学以致用1、Herecomethree__________.A.manteacherB.menteacherC.manteachersD.menteachersNearourschooltherearethree_______.A.toyfactoryB.toyfactoriesC.toysfactoryD.toysfactories集体名词1.Thefamily_____havinglunch.2.Theclass_____having_____Englishclas