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1.什么是定语(attribute)？Ilikethecolours.Whichcolours?energeticanancientcountrythecolourofwisdomthehigh-speedrailwayconnectingAtoBthepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost定语---是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常翻译成“……的”定语可以由形容词,代词,数词,名词,分词,不定式,介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词,介词短语为例）ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.(介词短语作定语)(现在分词作定语)Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.TheboynamedTomismyclassmate.(过去分词作定语)•1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。•引导定语从句的词叫关系词。1.作引导词2.在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句(把主句和从句连起来）引导定语从句的关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词whenwhere，why作用•2.关系词在从句中做成分：相当于代词用的叫关系代词，相当于副词用的叫关系副词。关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich5.定语从句的结构….先行词（名词/代词）+关系代词（who/which/that/whom)+….1.Heneverforgetsthethingsthat/whichheneedstodo.2.Youshouldpaynoattentiontothosethat/wholaughatyou.3.Doyouknowtheteachersthat/whoaresittinginourclassroomnow?将两个句子合并成定语从句Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadinganarticle.ThearticleisaboutTom.I’mreadinganarticlethat/whichisaboutTom.2.Sheisateacher.TheteacherteachesusEnglish.Sheisateacherthat/whoteachesusEnglish.3.Whereisthecoat?Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthecoatwhich/thatyouboughtlastweek?1.找先行词2.换关系词3.抄其余部分Ilikemusic.Mostpeoplelikethemusic.Ilikemusicthatmostpeoplelike.that修饰先行词musicthat在从句中做宾语.(可以省略)定语从句IIlikesingers.Thesingerssingthewordsclearly.Ilikesingerswhosingthewordsclearly.who修饰先行词singerswho在从句中做主语.(不能省)1.Rosalikesmusicthat’squietandgentle.Rosa喜欢轻柔的音乐。2.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐3.Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略▪Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.▪Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.(who作宾语)(who作主语)2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)▪Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.▪ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.(whom前有介词to,whom不能省去。)Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.(whose作定语)4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能)Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?关系代词的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词b.在从句中担任句子成分主语或宾语c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来注意：who/that在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.Grammar单项选择。1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.（嘲笑）A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseenAB单项选择4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.heB.whomC.whoseD.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.whoB.whoseC.itsD.whichDB————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasn’tclean.2.I’llneverforgettheday.IjoinedthePartyonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.•5.从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致。•Ilikethebookwhich/thatisonthedesk.我喜欢桌上的那本书。•Ilikethebookswhich/thatareonthedesk.•Thegirl____wonthematchnotsolongagoiscalledGuoYue,afamousChinesetabletennisplayer.•A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom在以下情况下只用关系词that1.指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时2.先行词是something,nothing,anything等不定代词时3.先行词既有人也有物时,只用that4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修饰时5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用that只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导先行词是物时。Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.注:who,that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1)先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who2)在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who•Istillrememberthegirl(whom/that)wesawyesterday.•请用thatorwho并成一句1.Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting.•__________________________2.Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareromantic.•___________________________Ilikemusicthatisloudandexciting.Shelovesmoviesthatareromantic.Ex.I•3.Tonyhasagoodfriend.ThefriendcanspeakEnglishwell.___________________________________4.Jimreadsbooks.ThebooksarewritteninEnglish.___________________________TonyhasagoodfriendwhocanspeakEnglishwell.JimreadsbooksthatarewritteninEnglish.Ex.I5.Wehaveagoodteacher.Theteacherisverybeautiful._________________________________6.Ilovesongs.ZhouJielunsingsthesongs___________________________________WehaveagoodteacherwhoisverybeautifulIlovesongsthatZhouJielunsings.Ex.I根据句意，用正确的关系代词填空。1.Heistheman__________isreadytohelpothers.2.Thegirl___________Ispoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thedress___________youboughtinthecitymallismadeofsilk.4.Billlikesmusic___________hecansingalongwith.that/whothat/whothat/whichthat/which5.Thisisthevillage__________Iusedtolivein.6.Womenalwayslikebuyingmanythings_____________theydon’tneedatall.7.I’mstudyingasubject___________Iamveryinterestedin.that/whichthat/whichthat/which