初中英语语法-被动语态

中考语法精讲——被动语态1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone部分常见的不规则动词：go---went---gonedo---did---donehave/has---had---hadtake---took---takeneat---ate---eatensee---saw---seenspeak---spoke---spokenwrite---wrote---writtensing----sang----sungbuild----built----builtgrow---grew---grownmake---made---madeam/is/are---was/were---beensend---sent---sent英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)Heplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词一般现在时am/is/are+p.p.•Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词•Heputonacoat.•Acoatwasputonbyhim.一般过去时was/were+p.p.Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+willbe+过去分词一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone•Theywillplanttreestomorrow.•Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow•Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.•Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.含有情态动词的：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态•can/may/must/should+be+p.p.•Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词7．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词现在完成时has/have+beendone•Jimhasfinishedthework.•TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：am/is/are+P.Pwas/were+P.P.can/may/must/should+be+P.P.will+be+P.P.am/is/are+being+P.P.was/were+being+P.P.have/has+been+P.P.练习一1.Mymothermadethesoup.2.UncleWangwillrepairmycomputer.3.Youmustcleanyourroomonceaweek.4.Theboybrokethewindow.5、Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.Thesoupwasmadebymymother.MycomputerwillberepairedbyUncleWang.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek(byyou).Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(bytheworkers).被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.何时使用被动语态呢？3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.5、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。6、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．7、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.•4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.•=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.•我的自行车需要修理。１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenoticeto...be(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).BobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…tosb.HetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.makebuydraw…forsb.Iboughtmybrotherabook.练习二1.Myparentsboughtmeabike.2.Havetheypaidyouthemoney?3.Heistellingusafunnystory.4.JackgaveJimapresent.Iwasboughtabikebymyparents.Abikewasboughtformebymyparents.A.Haveyoubeenpaidthemoney?B.Hasthemoneybeenpaidtoyou?A.Wearebeingtoldafunnystory.B.Afunnystoryisbeingtoldtous.JimwasgivenapresentbyJack.ApresentwasgiventoJimbyJack.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toret