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定语从句(Attributiveclause)一.定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。1.概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句二.定语从句1.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why2.结构：先行词+关系词+句子3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定语从句之前。4.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词关系副词作用A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、___________；B、_____________；C、________________________。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.定语从句先行词关系词“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分三、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，常可省略。1)Mr.Liuistheperson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。1)Thepeople__________cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做宾语)做主语做宾语that/whothat/whom/who小结：that:既可指人,也可指物.作主语,不能省略；作宾语,可以省略。which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose四.修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分(一)不用that的情况1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(___)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(____)2.介词后不能用。1)Wedependonthelandfrom______wegetourfood.2)Wedependontheland_____________wegetourfoodfrom.错对whichthat/which(二)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：1)Haveyoutakendowneverything___Mr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来吗？2)All____canbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。3)Thereislittle_____Icandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。thatthatthat注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如：1)Anyman__________hasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2)Alltheguests___________wereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。that/whothat/who2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstplace______theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。thatthat4．当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时。1)Thisistheverydictionary_____Iwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything_____heowns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschool______willattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。thatthatwho5．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：1)Whoistheman_____isstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？2)WhichistheT-shirt______fitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6．当先行词为人与物时。如：1)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings________theyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。2)Lookatthemanandhisdonkey______arewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。thatthatthatthat1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.which/thatwhose4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Exercise1:用关系代词填空1.Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.2.Sayall________youknow.3.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSund