英语句子种类与类型

英语句式和类型nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语(表语）Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.英语句子种类与类型I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。Shearrivedearly.Shecannothavearrivednow.注：1）半否定句Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit.2）部分否定句与全否定句Idon’tlikeboththefilms.IlikeneitherCathynorMary.3)否定转移Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.(believe,expect,suppose,imagine)2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Haveyouanythingtosay?Didsomeonephonemelastnight?Can’tyouunderstandit?Isn’titabeautifullake?---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK?---No,Ihaven’t.2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。（1）陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace?（2）倒装语序Whoareyoutalkingabout?注：A、简略式Whynotgoalone?Whygetsoangry?How/Whatabouttakingarest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyouthinkhehasdone?3）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman?ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？答：+，+.或-，-.1.TomhardlyknowsFrench,____________?2.—Marydidn'tfailherexam,didshe?---______,shedidn‘t.3.Youneedn’tcome,______you?Youneedtocome,______you?4.Hehadabigtimethere,______he?Hehadacar,______he?Wehardlyhavetogetupearly,______we?5.HeusedtoliveinLeeds,______he?6.Let’sgotothematchatonce,______we?Leavemealone,______you?7.Theyhavebeenlearningtodrive,______they?8.Noonewashurt,____________?9.Thereisnodoubt()aboutit,____________?10.Annahasn’tgottogotoschoolonSunday,______she?4）反义疑问句3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。1）带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet,please.Don’tmakeanynoise!Youcallataxi.Don’tyouforgetit.(强调)Givemeahand,will/won’t/would/wouldn’you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain.Let’sgo.Letusgo.Let’snotsayanythingaboutit./Don’tlet’ssay…Lethimbehereby10o’clock.3、祈使句注意：1、加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.Doletmehaveanothertry.2、祈使句的省略式A:ShallIopenthewindow?B:Yes,pleasedo./No,pleasedon’t.A:Shallwewatchthegame?B:Yes,let’s.4、感叹句由what或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。Whatacutebabyitis!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!*************Whatadirtyroom,____________?Whatinterestingfilms,____________?5、THERE-BE存在句Thereisaclockonthetable.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!Herecomethebus.Herehecomes.Thereusedtobeavillageatthefootofthemountain.Thereiscertaintobeaheavyraintonight.Thereseemstobesomemisunderstanding.Thereisababycryinginthenextdoor.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二、句子类型1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，每个成分都是单词或短语的句子。AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.二、句子类型2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等来连接。Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。注意：陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变来的呢？Whatkindofnounclausestheyare?1.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.2.Theyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeatandexerciseregularly.3.Thediscussiontopicfortodayiswhatschoolwillbelikeinthefuture.subjectiveclauseobjectiveclausepredicativeclause二、句子类型3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；3、复合句(3)状语从句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,asif,asthough）；4、程度（as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that）；二、句子类型5、原因（because,since,as,nowthat,that）；6、结果（,sothat,so…that,such…that）；7、目的（sothat,inorderthat,incase）；8、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,whether）。二、句子类型(3)状语从句二、句子类型3、复合句并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.1．Seldom______computergameseversinceheenteredcollege.A．didheplayB．hasheplayedC．heplayedD．hehasplayed解析：考查倒装。seldom是否定副词。否定副词放在句首，主句用部分倒装。又因句子中有since引导的状语从句，主句表示从过去一直持续到现在的状态，故主句用现在完成时。答案：B2.DocomehereonMonday,______we,asplanned,willtakepartinthegatheringofAIDSpreventionvolunteers.A．thenB．andC．thereforeD．or解析：考查“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时”结构。asplanned为插入语。语意：星期一你务必来这儿，按照预定的计划，我们要参加艾滋病预防宣传志愿者集会。答案：B3．______sheisnotsocheerful______sheuse