系统解剖学 颅骨.Skull

Skull颅★Theskulliscomposedof23bonesCerebralcranium脑颅Facialcranium面颅Skull颅★Cerebralcranium脑颅(8)―larger,upperandposteriorpart,containsandprotectsthebrainSinglebones:frontalbone额骨ethmoidbone筛骨sphenoidbone蝶骨occipitalbone枕骨Pairedbones:temporalbone颞骨parietalbone顶骨frontalbone额骨parietalbone顶骨temporalbone颞骨occipitalbone枕骨sphenoidbone蝶骨ethmoidbone筛骨ethmoidbone筛骨筛骨迷路ethmoidallabyrinth筛骨垂直板perpendicularplateofethmoid鸡冠cristagalli筛板cribriformplatesphenoidbone蝶骨翼突pterygoidprocessgreaterwingofsphenoidbone蝶骨大翼lesserwingofsphenoidbone蝶骨小翼蝶骨体Corpussphenoidaletemporalbone颞骨颞骨鳞部squamouspartoftemporalbone颞骨岩部petrouspartoftempordlbone鼓部TympanicpartLateralviewMedialviewSkull颅★Facialcranium面颅(15)smaller,lower,andanteriorpart,containsbonesthatsurroundedtheeye,noseandmouthSinglebones:mandible下颌骨vomer犁骨hyoidbone舌骨Skull颅Facialcranium面颅Pairedbones:maxilla上颌骨nasalbone鼻骨lacrimalbone泪骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticbone颧骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲Bonesoffacialcranium面颅骨面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌，外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。FrontalboneZygomaticboneNasalboneMaxillaMandibleSphenoidboneparietalboneTemporalboneOccipitalbone★Mandible下颌骨Bodyofmandible下颌体Alveolararch牙槽弓Baseofmandible下颌底Mentalprotuberance颏隆凸Mentalforamen颏孔Mentalspine颏棘Digastricfossa二腹肌窝Mandible下颌骨Ramusofmandible下颌支Coronoidprocess冠突Condylarprocess髁突headofmandible下颌头neckofmandible下颌颈Mandibularnotch下颌切迹Mandibularforamen下颌孔Mandibularlingula下颌小舌Angleofmandible下颌角Masseterictuberosity咬肌粗隆pterygoidtuberosity翼肌粗隆Theskullasawhole颅的整体观SuperiorsurfaceofskullBones:frontalbone额骨pairedparietalbone顶骨occipitalbone枕骨Sutures缝:Coronalsuture冠状缝Sagittalsuture矢状缝Lambdoidsuture人字缝parietaltuber顶结节parietalforamen顶孔PosteriorsurfaceofskullExternaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸Superiornuchalline上项线Inferiornuchalline下项线InternalsurfaceofcalvariaSulcusforsuperiorsagittalsinus上矢状窦沟Granularfoveola颗粒小凹Sulcusformiddlemeningealartery脑膜中动脉沟★InternalsurfaceofbaseofskullBaseofskullformsthreefossaeAnteriorcranialfossa颅前窝Middlecranialfossa颅中窝Posteriorcranialfossa颅后窝Internalsurfaceofbaseofskull★Anteriorcranialfossa颅前窝Formedbyorbitalpartoffrontalbone,cribriformplateofethmoid,andlesserwingsofsphenoidfrontalcrest额嵴foramencecum盲孔cristagalli鸡冠cribriformplate筛板cribriformforamina筛孔(有嗅丝通过）★Middlecranialfossa颅中窝Formedbythebodyandgreaterwingsofsphenoid,petrouspartoftemporalBodyofsphenoidbone蝶骨体Hypophysialfossa垂体窝Opticcanal视神经管Anteriorclinoidprocess前床突Tuberculumsellae鞍结节Dorsumsellae鞍背Posteriorclinoidprocess后床突Sellaturcica蝶鞍Carotidsulcus颈动脉沟★Meddlecranialfossa颅中窝Superiororbitalfissure眶上裂Foramenrotundum圆孔Foramenovale卵圆孔Foramenspinosum棘孔Sulcusformiddlemeningealartery脑膜中动脉沟Foramenlacerum破裂孔Internalopeningofcarotidcanal颈动脉管内口Trigeminalimpression三叉神经压迹Arcuateeminence弓状隆起Tegmentympani鼓室盖★Posteriorcranialfossa颅后窝Formedbyoccipitalandthepetrouspartoftemporalboneforamenmagnum枕骨大孔clivus斜坡internalopeningofhypoglossalcanal舌下神经管内口internaloccipitalprotuberance枕内隆凸internaloccipitalcrest枕内嵴sulcusfortransversesinus横窦沟sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙状窦沟jugularforamen颈静脉孔internalacousticpore内耳门internalacousticmeatus内耳道InternalsurfaceofbaseofskullExternalsurfaceofbaseofskullalveolararch牙槽弓bonypalate骨腭medianpalatinesuture腭中缝incisiveforamina切牙孔incisivecanal切牙管greaterpalatineforamen腭大孔posteriornasalapertures鼻后孔lateralpterygoidplate翼突外侧板medialpterygoidplate翼突内侧板Pterygoidfossa翼突窝mandibularfossa下颌窝articulartubercle关节结节styloidprocess茎突stylomastoidforamen茎乳孔occipitalcondyle枕髁jugularforamen颈静脉孔externalopeningofcarotidcanal颈动脉管外口externalopeningofhypoglossalcanal舌下神经管外口LateralsurfaceofskullExternalacousticpore外耳门Mastoidprocess乳突Zygomaticarch颧弓Temporalfossa颞窝Superiortemporalline上颞线★Pterion翼点apointnearthesphenoidfontaneloftheskull,atthejunctionofthegreaterwingofthesphenoid,temporal,frontal,andparietalbones.Itissituatedalittleabovethelevelofthezygomaticprocess.Itisknownastheweakestpartoftheskull,andalsointersectsthecourseoftheanteriordivisionofthemiddlemeningealarteryLateralsurfaceofskullInfratemporalfossa颞下窝Pterygomaxillaryfissure翼上颌裂Pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窝Sphenopalatineforamen蝶腭孔AnteriorsurfaceofskullFrontalregion:Frontalsquama额鳞Frontaltuber额结节Superciliaryarch眉弓Glabella眉间★Orbit眶pyramid-shapedpairedcavitiesBase:supraorbitalnotch/foramen眶上切迹/眶上孔infraorbitalforamen眶下孔Apex:opticcanal视神经管WallsSuperior:fossaforlacrimalgland泪腺窝Superiororbitalfissuer眶上裂Medial:fossaforlacrimalsac泪囊窝Inferior:Inferiororbitalfissure眶下裂infraorbitalgroove眶下沟infraorbitalcanal眶下管left眶上孔或眶上切迹supraorbitalnotch/foramen眶下孔infraorbitalforamen视神经管opticcanal泪腺窝fossaforlacrimalgland泪囊窝fossaforlacrimalsac眶下裂inferiororbitalfissure眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure眶下沟infraorbitalgrooveBonynasalcavity骨性鼻腔RoofcribriformplateofethmoidboneFloorbonypalateMedialwallbonyseptumofnoseLateralwallNasalconchae鼻甲Anteriorpiriformaperture梨状孔Posteriorposteriornasalaperture鼻后孔★LateralwallSuperior,middleandinferiornasalconchae上、中、下鼻甲Superior,middleandinferiornasalmeatus上、中、下鼻道(underlyingeachconcha)Sphenoethmoidalrecess蝶筛隐窝Sphenopala