词汇结构专项复习(华师上课用的课件)

广东专插本考试网主要语法考点词法——情态动词——虚拟语气——主谓一致——其它句法——主从复合句——倒装句——强调句——反意疑问句——名词——形容词——副词——动词名词名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在英语应用能力考试中，要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词。1.所填词的特征前有物主代词如my,his,her,their,our,your,its等前有冠词如a,an,the前有形容词如large,clever,foolish等前有冠词+形容词如thatancient,theclever等前有不定代词many,much,afew,alittle,several等2.所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。如decision,illness,protection等常见名词后缀表示人的名词后缀：1）-alcrime-criminal,2)–anCanada–Canadian,Australia-Australian,history–historian,music–musician3)–antaccount–accountant,assist–assistant4)–ar/er/orbeg-beggar,lie–liar,operate–operator,survive–survivor,law–lawyervillage–villager,5)–eeemploy–employee,interview–interviewee,6)–istscience–scientist,tour–tourist,journal–journalist,physics–physicist常见名词后缀名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况后缀变换后的词性举例-ful形容词（充满）skill-skillful,success-successful-less形容词（无）care-careless,hope-hopeless-al-ic-ical形容词（的）tradition-traditionalindustry-industrialhistory-historical(历史的)-historic(有历史意义的)-ly形容词（品质的）friend-friendly,year-yearly-y形容词（充满，性质）storm-stormy,ease-easy,sun-sunny-ous形容词（多）danger-dangerous-en形容词（的）wood-wooden,gold-golden-ist名词（主义者，人）tour-tourist,journal-journalist-ian名词（人）music-musician,history-historian-en动词（使…更加）strength–strengthen名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况巩固练习-名词1.Wehavebeeninformedthatthe(equip)____willbearrivinghereintendays.正确答案：equipment参考译文：我们已经得到通知，设备10天后运到。解题分析：空格前有定冠词the，定冠词修饰名词。因此，本题应使用equip的名词形式equipment。巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词巩固练习-名词形容词形容词通常用在系动词后作表语，或用在名词前作定语。–系表结构中形容词作表语–名词前形容词作定语–如果括号内给出形容词，考查比较级、最高级形式考试中常见句型：1)bevery+形容词2)a/an/the+形容词+名词3)very/too/many/rather+形容词4)形容词+名词常见形容词后缀：1、-ern附在表方向的名词后east–easternnorth–northernsouth–southernwest–western2、-ful附在抽象名词后joy–joyfulpeace–peacefulskill–skillfulcolor–colorful3、-ish附在具体名词后fool–foolishchild–childish常见形容词后缀：4、-lessbrain–brainlesscolor–colorlessharm–harmlesshome–homeless5、-lyfather–fatherlyfriend–friendlyman–manlyday–dailyhour–hourlymonth–monthlyweek–weeklyyear–yearly常见形容词后缀：形容词变换为其他词性的情况前缀后缀变换后的词性举例un-形容词（不）lucky-unlucky,able-unable,unnecessary,unimportant,unbelievablein-,il-,im-,ir-形容词（不，非）formal-informal,legal-illegal,irregular,impossible,incompleteen-动词（使成为）able-enable,courage-encourage-ness名词（状态、性质）happy-happiness,carelessness-ty,-ity名词（抽象名词）difficult-difficulty,possibility-th名词（结果，过程）true-truth,death-age名词（状态，集合）short-shortage-ist名词（主义者，人）special-specialist,socialist-en动词（成为，使成为）sharp-sharpen,soft-soften-ize动词real-realize,modernize-fy动词class-classify(分类)，simplify(简化)-ly副词truly,carefully,happily巩固练习-形容词1.Insomewaystheseschoolsare(differ)_________fromChinesemiddleschools.答案：different译文：在某些学校，这些学校不同于中国的中学。分析：bedifferentfrom是固定搭配，“和…不同”。2.The(create)_______personisalwaysreadytochangehisorherideaandtochallengetheideaofotherpeopleandsociety.答案：creative译文：富有创造力的人总是随时准备改变自己的主意，而且对他人和社会的观点提出质疑。分析：create是动词，空格前为定冠词，后面是名词，名词短语做主语，应填上create的形容词形式，去e加ive.巩固练习-形容词3.AYouthHostelisaplacethatoffersagoodnight’ssleepinfriendlysurroundingsata(reason)_________price.答案：reasonable译文：青年旅馆是在友好环境中以合适价格提供良好住宿的地方。分析：括号中所给的词reason位于名词price之前，是修饰price的定语，因此应该用reason的形容词形式reasonable.巩固练习-形容词5.Iwas(please)_________tohavereceivedyourletterdatedMay20th.答案：pleased译文：我很高兴收到你5月20日写给我的信。分析：please是动词，但这里应该变成形容词pleased后才有“高兴“的意思。bepleasedtodosth.意为”高兴做某事“。巩固练习-形容词6.Theteachersaidhisworkwas(satisfy)________buttherewasstillroomforimprovement.答案：satisfactory/satisfying译文：老师说，他的工作另人满意，不过还有改进的余地。分析：括号里给出了动词satisfy,根据句意，这里应该用形容词做表语。satisfactory/satisfying都表示“令人满意“之意，因此都可以用。巩固练习-形容词7.Ihavea(plenty)_________supplyofthingstokeepthechildrenhappywhenwegoonlongjourneys.答案：plentiful译文：我可以提供很多的东西让孩子们长途旅行时玩得高兴。分析：空格前为不定冠词，后是名词，根据上下文，此处应该填上形容词。Plenty是名词，形容词是plentiful.巩固练习-形容词8.Livinginthecountryisless(expense)________thanlivinginthecity.答案：expensive译文：农村的生活费比城市的低。分析：be动词结构。空格后是连词than,与形容词比较级连用，因此应该填形容词。巩固练习-形容词9.Thanksgivingisa(tradition)________festivalintheUSandCanada.答案：traditional译文：感恩节是美国和加拿大的传统节日。分析：名词短语做表语，空格前是不定冠词，后面是名词，应填上形容词做表语。巩固练习-形容词副词ad./adverb常见副词形式1.直接加-lycareful---carefullyrecent---recently2.以le结尾的改为lypossible---possiblyterrible---terribly3.以y结尾的变y为i加lysleepy---sleepilylucky---luckily考试中常见句型1.be＋(副词)＋adj.•动词＋副词•动词＋宾语＋副词•主语＋副词＋动词•副词＋句子•副词＋副词Hehasbeenextremelybusythesedays.Everythingwentsmoothly.Shedidn’tdoitintentionally.Shesuddenlyfellill.Luckily,Peterwasthere.Heworksterriblyhard.1.Herushed(danger)____________acrossthebusystreettocatchthebus.2.Thechairmanemphasizedhisideasbyspeakingmore(loud)________.3.Couldyougotobed(early)________thanyouusuallydo?4.Therearesomemoretopicstodiscuss,________theproblemofpollution.A.generallyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.probably5.Ididn’tattendtheeveningparty,but(apparent)__________itwasagreatsuccess.历年常见考题dangerouslyloudlyearlierBapparently历年常见考题6.Ithoughthisexplanationwas(unnecessary)__________complex.7.(unfortunate)___________,shewasgotabadcoldandcan’tattendtheconference.8.Thelittlegirlgavean(extreme)________wonderfulperformancelastnight.9.YesterdayIwaslastgettingtotherailwaystation,but(fortunate)________,thetrainwaslate,too.10.Thesecretaryissoefficientthathisbossthinks(high)________ofhim.unne