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RhetoricalDevicesexamplesMetaphor•Greecewasthecradleofwesternculture.•Marywastrappedinthenetoflies.•Learningisclimbingupthemountain.•Hisvoicethunderedinhisoffice.•Somebooksaretobetasted,sometobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.Simile•Heregardsmeasathorninhisflesh.•Hereyesareasblueasthesea.•Heislikeabravelion.•Habitmaybelikenedtoacable;everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecannotbreakit.•Hehasnomoreideasofmoneythanacow.Metonymy转喻,换喻•Thepenismightierthanthesword.•Thekettleisboiling.•Whatyoulearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.•Herheartruledoverherhead.•Thegrayhairshouldberespectedbythesociety.•HeisanotherShylock.Synecdoche提喻•局部—整体；抽象—具体；单数—复数；原料—成品•Shehasgotfivemouthstofeed.•AuntMelissaismyadmiration.•Drawingishisbreadandbutter.•AustraliabeatCanadaatcricket.•Wheredidyoubuythiscotton?•Hisdeathmadeourteamloseastrongarm.Personification•Thewaveiskissingtheshorenearthecliff.•Thehallapplaudedforhiswonderfulspeech.•Thehousewascold,closed,andunfriendly.•Thesunstretchesitswarmthacrosstheland.•Ithinkthemachineisbeinguncooperative.•Wallshaveears.Hyperbole•Sheisstarving.•Maggiesmilesandthewholeworldishappy.•Ihavetriedmillionsoftimesbutitdidnotwork.•Wehavenotmetyouforages.•Thisboxweighsaton.•Themoviealmostscaredustodeath.Irony•Ilostmywalletandthekeytotheapartmentlastnight.WasIluckyenough?•Sheisasslenderinthemiddleasacowinthewaist.•Itmustbedelightfultofindyourselfinastrangecitywithoutacentinyourpocket.•Whataniceandwarmdaytoday?(Actually,it’scoldandcloudy.)Antithesis•Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.•Loveisanidealthing,andmarriagearealthing.•Itiseasytosay,buthardtodo.•Iagreethatitislegal，butIwonderifitismoral.•Speechissilver,silencegold.pun•Wemustallhangtogether,orweshallhangseparately.•YouwillgonutsforthenutsyougetinNux.•Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.•Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?Liestill.•What’swrongwiththisfish?—Longtimenosea(see).•Whatflowerdoeseverybodyhaveontheface?—Everybodyhastulips(twolips)ontheface.Rhetoricalquestion•Whoknows?(Nooneknows.)•Whatistheuseofit?(Itisuseless.)•Canamanbetoocrueltohismother’senemy?(Amancannotbetoocrueltohismother’senemy.)•Andwhoamongusiswithoutfaults?(Allofushavefaults.)•Areyoudreamingtochangeyourownfuture?Whynottry?(Youmayhaveatry.)•HowcanIforgetallthese?(Ican’tforgetallthese.)Parallelism•1)Readingmakesuswisewhileexercisesmakeusstrong.•2)Thinkinglogically,speakingeloquentlyandwritingexplicitlyareimportantelementsofgoodcommunication.•3)Frommyobservation,manypeopletodayspendtheirtimereceivingmoreandmoreeducation,workingmoreandmorehours,andmakingmoreandmoremoney.•4)Theresearchshowsthattranslationproblemsareprimarilylanguageproblems,thatthetranslatormusthaveagoodcommandofbothlanguages,andthatatranslatorweakinanylanguagemustupgradeit.•5)Anneisapersonofpoorunderstanding,littleinformation,anduncertaintemperament.Repetition•1)Nowisthetimetoforgeteverythinginthepast.Nowisthetimetogetdowntothebusiness.Nowisthetimetoworkhardforthefuture.•2)Welongforsuccessandweareworkinghardforsuccess•3)Iamconvincedthatwecansucceed,andIamconvincedthatwemustsucceed.•4)Wearenowlivinginanewera,andaneweraofreformisalwaysfullofventuresandchances.Euphemism•Sheisrestinginpeaceforever.•Hiswifenowneedstoeatfortwo.•Sheisfeelingherownagenow.•Moreattentionmustbepaidtotheunderachieversintheclass.•Oneofthekidswrotefour-letterwordsinhiscomposition.TransferredEpithet移位修饰法•这是英语语言学分支修辞学的一种重要的修辞手法。它将描写甲事物性状的词语移来描写乙事物的性状。•1、形容词由指人转移到指物，即从具有某种特性的人转到与这种特性相关的物Theenemyfledinablindhaste.Rooseveltlistenedwithbright-eyed,smilingattention.ahappyday;sleepylanguage;asmilingreply;awisechoice;coldfacts;tremblingterror;bloodmoney;angrybrow[怒容];afierytemper;nervoushours2、形容词由指物转移到指人Heisastraightforwardperson.MyfatherisasolemnscholarofphysicsOnomatopoeia拟声词•Onomatopoeiaistheformationofwordstoimitatenaturalsounds.Thebuzzofabee,thehootofanowl,andthefizzofsodawaterareexamplesofwordscreatedfromthenaturalsound.•各类物体的响声:声音名称响声英文1、金属磕碰声当啷clank,clang2、形容金属的响声当当rattle3、金属、瓷器连续撞击声丁零当啷jingle,jangle,cling-clang4、鼓声、敲门声咚咚rub-adub,rat-tat,rat-a-tat5、脆响的（关门）声吧嗒click6、敲打木头声梆梆rat-tat，rat-at7、重物落下声咕咚thud,splash,plump8、东西倾倒声哗啦crash,clank9、风吹动树枝叶声飒飒sough,rustle10、树枝等折断声嘎巴crack,snap•11、不大的寒风声瑟瑟rustle12、踩沙子、飞沙击物或风吹草木沙沙、飒飒rustle13、飞机螺旋桨转动呼呼whirr14、雨点敲击房顶噼里啪啦patter15、水流动声拔拉splash,gurgle16、物体受压嘎吱creak喀嚓crack.snap17、溪水、泉水流动声潺潺murmur,babble,purl18、液体、沸腾、水流涌出或大口喝水声咕嘟babble,gurgle19、重物落地声扑通flop,thump,splash,pit-a-pat20、笑声、水、气挤出声扑哧titter,snigger,fizz21、雷声、爆炸声、机器声隆隆hum,rumble,roll22、汽笛或喇叭声呜呜toot,hoot,zoom23、油在锅里滋滋sizzle24、鞭炮爆炸声噼啪pop25、脚踏楼板声登登clumpOxymoron矛盾修饰法•Arhetoricalfigureinwhichincongruousorcontradictorytermsarecombined,asinadeafeningsilenceandamournfuloptimist.•E.g.:soundofsilence,atruelie,victoriousdefeat,falselytrue,sweetsadness，muchadoaboutnothing.•所谓矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)是指将语义截然相反对立的词语放在一起使用，来揭示某一项事物矛盾性质的一种修辞手法。换言之，它使用两种不相协调，甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物，以增强语言感染力。在阅读理解解码过程中，矛盾修辞法可以产生出两种强烈的修辞效果Oxymoron•第一，出人意料。由于两部分语义相互矛盾，合并使用有悖常理，所以矛盾修辞强烈碰撞读者的神经思维，起到意想不到，启发思维的作用，为进一步深化理解奠定了基础。例如英语的cruelkindness,汉语的“真实的谎言”和“甜美的复仇”便是矛盾修辞法的具体表现。读到上述那样的矛盾词语组合读者肯定会有出乎意料的感觉。第二，引人入胜。矛盾词语的冲击会激发读者进一步深化理解的欲望。在仔细