天文学英文版PPT资料 (8)

UniverseEighthEditionRogerA.Freedman•WilliamJ.KaufmannIIICHAPTER7OurSolarSystemReadChapter8Chapter7OnlineQuizdueMonday10/11Homework7-1Theimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwobroadcategoriesofplanets:terrestrialandJovian7-2Thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthelargeplanetarysatellites,includingEarth’sMoon7-3Howthespectrumofsunlightreflectedfromaplanetrevealsthecompositionofitsatmosphereandsurface7-4WhysomeplanetshaveatmospheresandothersdonotByreadingthischapter,youwilllearn7-5ThecategoriesofthemanysmallbodiesthatalsoorbittheSun7-6Howcratersonaplanetorsatelliterevealtheageofitssurfaceandthenatureofitsinterior7-7Whyaplanet’smagneticfieldindicatesafluidinteriorinmotion7-8HowthediversityofthesolarsystemisaresultofitsoriginandevolutionByreadingthischapter,youwilllearnWhichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthecharacteristicsofaJovianplanet?A.Dense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceB.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceC.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,solidsurfaceD.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceE.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,nosolidsurfaceQ7.2WhichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthecharacteristicsofaJovianplanet?A7.2A.Dense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceB.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceC.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,solidsurfaceD.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceE.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,nosolidsurfaceThecentralpeakseeninthiscrateristheresultofA.platetectonics.B.ahigh-speedimpact.C.volcanicactivity.D.anothermeteorimpact.E.eitherAorCabove.Q7.5ThecentralpeakseeninthiscrateristheresultofA.platetectonics.B.ahigh-speedimpact.C.volcanicactivity.D.anothermeteorimpact.E.eitherAorCabove.A7.5MarsismoreheavilycrateredthantheEarth.ThisisbecauseA.foralongtimeMarshashadlittlegeologicactivity.B.meteorsaremuchmoreplentifulveryclosetotheSunwhereEarthislocated.C.longagoMarswasveryhotanditssurfaceformedblisters.D.MarsisclosetoJupiter,andJupiter’sgravitycausesmoremeteorstostrikeMarsthanEarth.E.erosionfromrunningwaterhascausedtheMartiancraters.Q7.8MarsismoreheavilycrateredthantheEarth.ThisisbecauseA.foralongtimeMarshashadlittlegeologicactivity.B.meteorsaremuchmoreplentifulveryclosetotheSunwhereEarthislocated.C.longagoMarswasveryhotanditssurfaceformedblisters.D.MarsisclosetoJupiter,andJupiter’sgravitycausesmoremeteorstostrikeMarsthanEarth.E.erosionfromrunningwaterhascausedtheMartiancraters.A7.8Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthecharacteristicsofaterrestrialplanet?A.Dense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceB.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceC.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,solidsurfaceD.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceE.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,nosolidsurfaceQ7.1Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthecharacteristicsofaterrestrialplanet?A.Dense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceB.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceC.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,solidsurfaceD.Dense(3000kg/m3),containsverylittleHandHe,manyringsandmoons,nosolidsurfaceE.Lessdense(3000kg/m3),mademostlyofHandHe,noringsandfewmoons,nosolidsurfaceA7.1KeyIdeasPropertiesofthePlanets:AlloftheplanetsorbittheSuninthesamedirectionandinalmostthesameplane.Mostoftheplanetshavenearlycircularorbits.Thefourinnerplanetsarecalledterrestrialplanets.Theyarerelativelysmall(withdiametersof5000to13,000km),havehighaveragedensities(4000to5500kg/m3),andarecomposedprimarilyofrockymaterials.ThefourgiantouterplanetsarecalledJovianplanets.Theyhavelargediameters(50,000to143,000km)andlowaveragedensities(700to1700kg/m3)andarecomposedprimarilyoflightelementssuchashydrogenandhelium.KeyIdeasSatellitesandSmallBodiesintheSolarSystem:Besidestheplanets,thesolarsystemincludessatellitesoftheplanets,asteroids,comets,andtrans-Neptunianobjects.Sevenlargeplanetarysatellites(oneofwhichisourMoon)arecomparableinsizetotheplanetMercury.Theremainingsatellitesofthesolarsystemaremuchsmaller.KeyIdeasAsteroidsaresmall,rockyobjects,whilecometsandtrans-Neptunianobjectsaremadeoficeandrock.Allareremnantsleftoverfromtheformationoftheplanets.MostasteroidsarefoundintheasteroidbeltbetweentheorbitsofMarsandJupiter,andmosttrans-NeptunianobjectslieintheKuiperbeltoutsidetheorbitofNeptune.PlutoisoneofthelargestmembersoftheKuiperbelt.KeyIdeasSpectroscopyandtheCompositionofthePlanets:Spectroscopy,thestudyofspectra,providesinformationaboutthechemicalcompositionofobjectsinthesolarsystem.Thespectrumofaplanetorsatellitewithanatmosphererevealstheatmosphere’scomposition.Ifthereisnoatmosphere,thespectrumindicatesthe