新航道雅思语法 不定式

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不定式structure1,不定式的作用(主,表,宾,定,状,补,独立)★★2,不定式的逻辑主语3,不定式的时态和语态一,语法功能:主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语(一),主语位置:大部分时候放句末(it作形式主语)。【练1/3】我们不可能在很短的时间内就掌握英语。WeareimpossibletomasterEnglishinashorttime.(错误)ItisimpossibleforustomasterEnglishinashorttime.【练2/3】你在这里停车是违章的。Youareagainsttheregulationtoparkyourcarhere.(错误)Itisagainsttheregulationforyoutoparkyourcarhere.【练3/3】总体而言,我们可以有理由去推断,相对于噪音,人们更喜欢平静安宁的环境。(剑7,T4,R)Sb.should/must/can````(过于主观强硬)Ingeneral,itisplausible/necessary/imperativetosupposethatweshouldpreferpeaceandquiettonoise.(二),表语【练1/4】我的打算是在英国或者上剑桥,或者上牛津。(剑3,T3,S)MyplanistoattendeitherCambridgeorOxfordinEngland.【练2/4】儿童的主要任务仍是玩耍和获得乐趣。(剑3,T3,W)Children'smainresponsibilityisstilltoplanandhavefun.【练3/4】地中海国家的森林问题将会在下次专家会时被讨论。(剑7,T3,R)ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedathenextmeetingofexperts.【练4/4】培养多样性的关键是让人们不仅学习占主导地位的语言,同事也学习祖先们传下来的语言。(剑4,T2,R)Thekeytofosteringdiversityisforpeopletolearntheirancestraltongue,aswellasthedominantlanguage.(三),宾语后接不定式作宾语的动词详见附录(四),不定式--作定语【练1/4】这的确给了我们不断努力提高英语水平的勇气。ThisreallygaveusthecouragetokeeptryingtoimproveourEnglish.【练2/4】所有学生都有一些机会去增强自己的信心。(剑4,G,TA,R)Allstudentsaregivenchancestodeveloptheirconfidence.【练3/4】Thereareplentyofopportunitiesfornewtechnologiestohelpfilterandcategorizeinformation.(剑5,T3,R)【练4/4】我反对那项机场扩建和增加航班数量的计划。(剑3,G,TB,W)Iobjecttotheplantoexpandtheairportandincreasethenumbersofflights.(五),不定式------作状语①目的状语:=inorderto/soastoScientistsareworkingtodiscoverthelinksbetweentheweatherandhumanbeings’moodandperformance.(剑3,T3,R)I’dclimbthehighestmountain,justtoseeyousmile.I’dswimtheocean,justtoholdyourhand.I’drunamillionmiles,justtobewithyouforever.我愿意翻越最高的山脉,就是为了目睹你的微笑;我愿意横渡海洋,就是为了与你牵手;我愿意跨越万里,只是为了与你永远共度此生。②结果状语:Liftastoneonlytodropitonyourownfeet.【练】这个时代长大的孩子不尊重家人,而只是关注自己的利益。Childrengrowupduringthisagenottorespecttheirfamilies,buttoonlybeconcernedwiththeirownindividualwelfare.宾语补语:Thefoolthinkshimselftobewise,butthewisemanknowshimselftobefool.愚者自以为智,智者自知其愚。【基本形式】:动词+宾语+动词不定式(六),不定式-----作补语主语补语:多出现在被动语态之后TheOlympicsisconsideredtobethehighestlevelofcompetitivesport.(剑3,T1,W)【基本模式】:主语+系动词+动词的被动语态+动词不定式(七),独立使用的不定式Tobeginwith,onbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,Iwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitality.---尼可松,1972首先,我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢,感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。不定式可用作独立成分,用来修饰整个句子。“总之,简而言之,概括来说”toconclude,allinall,inconclusion,generallyspeaking,inaword,inshort,Tosumup,tobebrief,Tosaynothingof```,/nottomention```,Toillustrate,Todosb.justice,Tomakemattersworse,Toputitanotherway,二,不定式的复合结构BothChineseandAmericanparentswereaskedwhattheywantedmostfortheirchildren.Chineseparentswantedtheirchildrentobesuccessful,whileAmericanparentsexpressedadesirefortheirchildrentobehappy.【知识点】:不定式的复合结构:For+名词(代词)+不定式【练】有教养的人如果不懂外语是极大的不便.Forawell-cultivatedmannottoknowforeignlanguagesisagreatinconvenience.(Foracultivatedman)tobeignorantofforeignlanguagesisagreatinconvenience.三,不定式的时态和语态不定式基本形式①进行时?②完成时?③被动语态?=tobedoing=tobedone=tohavedone【练1/3】对于许多环境保护主义者来说,世界似乎正在变糟。(剑5,T1,R)【分析】Seemtodo+进行时=seemtobedoingFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.【练2/3】味觉和嗅觉似乎已经退化。(剑4,T1,R)【分析】Seemtodo,appeartodo+完成时=SeemtohavedoneThesenseoftasteandsmellappearstohavedeteriorated.【练3/3】如果在怀孕期间大脑的发育出现意外,男孩更容易受到影响。(剑1,T2,R)【分析】Beeasytodo,belikelytodo+被动=belikelytodedoneIfsomethinghappenstothebrain’sdevelopmentduringpregnancy,_______Itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamale.THEEND复习1,不定式的作用(主,表,宾,定,状,补,独立)★2,不定式的逻辑主语3,不定式的时态和语态★★【课后作业】:P90,一,13,16,17,19,21,22,30P94,四,10,14,16,17高分作文句子【练】政府可以做到的一件事情就是要求个人、家庭和企业对他们的垃圾进行分类。(剑5,G,TB,W)Whatthegovernmentscandoistorequireindividuals,households,andbusinessestoseparatetheirwasteintodifferentcategories.【课后练习】毫无疑问,增加正面新闻的数量会让人有一种乐观的世界观,这也是应该被鼓励的。---(媒体)there’snodoubtthat```/indisputableviewoftheworld/outlookonworldThereisnodoubtthatincreasingthenumberofgoodnewsreportswouldbeadvisableandwouldhelptofosteramoreconstructiveandoptimisticviewoftheworld.BONUS:Outlookonworld/value/life

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