初中英语时态语态

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时态两现三一三过现在进行时现在完成时一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时看时间,定语态IlearnEnglisheveryday.IlearnedEnglishyesterday.IwilllearnEnglishnextyear.IamlearningEnglishnow.IwaslearningEnglishjustnow.IhavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.IhadlearnedEnglish3yearsbytheendoflastmonth.IsaidIwouldlearnEnglishthenextday.初中常见的6种时态:一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时一般将来时各种时态的用法一、一般现在时1.用法:2.结构:主语+动词原形/动词单三形式3.标志词:1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.travelsA.现在经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…她一到达那儿,就会给你写信。——————————————————————一般现在时的注意点:在when,assoonas,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中,Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgocamping.如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。———————————————————She’llwritetoyouassoonasshegetsthere.用一般现在时表示将来.主将从现当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit______(stop).Youmaygoouttoplaywhenyou______(finish)yourhomework.stopsfinish某些以here,there开头的句子用一般现在时表示现在进行时。Herecomesacar.Theregoesthebell.二、一般过去时1.用法:2.结构:2.标志词:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast;justnow=amomentago过去的动作或状态。【2010河北省卷】39.I________amistake.Pleasedon’tbeangrywithme.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeDammakingB主语+V-ed三、一般将来时1.用法:2.结构:将来的动作或状态。1)will+动词原形2)am(is,are)goingto+动词原形3)常用bedoing表示将来的动词:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等如:Weareleavingforlondon.4)beaboutto+do和beto+do表示即将发生的动作Thetrainisabouttostart.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及区别:begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。*begoingto表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。如:Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正确)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(错误)***betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.*beabouttodosth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.3.标志词:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon下面几种情况只用will/shall:表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?Wewillhelphimifheasksus.表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmoring.三、现在进行时1.用法:2.结构:3.标志词:中考模拟:--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.(2010顺义)A.hasplayedB.willplayC.wasplayingD.isplayingA.现刻动作:目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作:目前一个时期一直在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行。now,Look!Listen!thisweek,thesedaysis/am/are+doing注意A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来,如:begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcomeB.comeC.amcomingD.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave•Theboy______always______us!B.现在进行时和always连用,表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。•You____always_____thesamemistake!ishelping(夸赞)aremaking(责备)四、过去进行时1.用法:2.结构:3.标志词:过去某时某段时间正在进行的动作。atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when…,lastnight,lastyear,at9:00yesterday;fromseventonine;yesterday,yesterdaymorningwas/were+doing含有when和while引导的时间状语:主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生,且进行时间较长时,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时Theboywaswalkingdownthestreetwhentheearthquakehappened.从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时Whenhewasplaying,allofussatstillandlistened.若主从句动作同时进行时,从句一般用while引导HewasreadinganewspaperwhileIwaswatchingTV.谁先发生谁用进行时1.用法:12五、现在完成时过去的动作对现在的影响。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.过去的动作持续到现在,还可能继续持续。Ihavestayedhereforanhour!2.结构have/has+donealready,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段3.标志词①ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years.②Theyhavelivedheresince1990.注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。4.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段,则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下:1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.10.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhavekepthavehadhavebeen(to)和havegone(to)的区别:★have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。★have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里。短暂性动词与延续性动词将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有:a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/getacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowjointhePartybeaPartymemberleavebeaway(from)diebedeadbeginbeoncomeherebeherefallasleepbeasleepjointheArmybeintheArmycometowork/livework/livebegintostudy/teachstudy/teachB.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时Hecameherethreemonthsago.C.用“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。Itis/hasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehere.D.用“多长时间+haspassed+since(一般过去时)”Threemonthshaspassedsincehecamehere.(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和howlong连用。如:误:Howlonghaveyouborrowthebook?正:Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?正:Whendidyouborrowthebook?动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时,动词用原型;一般时单数三人称,动词加“s”。一般过去时,动词加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.现在进行时,进行时过去进行时,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。将来时一般将来时,will加原型。完成时现在完成时,have/has加过分。Exercise1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit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