搜索
专题十三复合句专题三复合句专题十三复合句宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句考点河南省近五年中考统计高频考点题型年份20172016201520142018宾语从句单项选择/35题35题35题34题★★☆完形填空//44题//定语从句单项选择33题32题33题30题33题★★★状语从句单项选择考情分析详见连词的中考解读部分，主要考查状语从句中从属连词的辨析与应用。★★☆从近5年的河南真题来分析，宾语从句和定语从句是考查重点。具体特点有：宾语从句：主要在单项选择35题考查(2017，2018年除外)，仅在2015年完形填空中涉及一次。其考查形式有两种：时态一致、语序和引导词不同；语序、引导词和时态都不同。定语从句：均在单项选择(必考，1题/年)中考查，主要考查关系代词who,that,which引导的限制性定语从句.预测2019年河南中考的单项选择会出现1道题来考查宾语从句，至少涉及2个考查点。还会出一道定语从句的题目知识梳理学习内容考点宾语从句(★★☆)在复合句中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句，宾语从句可以作动词、形容词、过去分词或介词的宾语。宾语从句主要考查三要素：引导词、语序、时态。1.宾语从句的引导词(1)that在从句中作宾语时可省略，本身无意义，只起连接作用。(2)what,when,where,how,who,whom,whose,whatever等特殊疑问词作连接词。(3)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示“是否”。2.宾语从句的语序从句必须用陈述句语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。Idon'tknowwherehelives.↓↓↓引导词主语谓语3.宾语从句的时态(1)主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。Ithinkhehasfinishedhishomework.我觉得他已经完成他的作业了。(2)主句是过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。Katesaidthatshewasshoppingatthistimeyesterday.凯特说昨天的这个时候她正在购物。(3)当从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。YesterdayMissLisaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.昨天李老师说地球围绕着太阳转。【温馨提示】①有些疑问词作句子主语，问句本身是陈述句语序，在变成宾语从句时，语序无变化。Doyouknowwhatishappeningoverthere？你知道那边正发生什么事吗？②宾语从句的简化：当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。Shedoesn'tknowwhensheshouldgothere.＝Shedoesn'tknowwhentogothere.她不知道什么时候去那里。③宾语从句的否定转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，且主句的主语是第一人称时，后接从句的否定词要前移。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我不认识你。【解题技巧】逐步排除法：先用语序判断(陈述语序)→再用时态求证(主从句时态一致)→最后用引导词意思去决定。【考点抢测】1.(2016河南)—WhatdidTomsaytoyoujustnow,John?—Heasked____.A.whyIamsohappytodayB.whatwillIdofortheweekendC.WhodidIplayfootballwithafterschoolD.ifIcouldgotothemoviewithhimtonight2.(2015河南)—Hi,Tony!Doyouknow____？—Yes,thereisacoffeeshopatthecornerofthestreet.A.whenIcangetacupofcoffeeB.whencanIgetacupofcoffeeC.whereIcangetacupofcoffeeD.wherecanIgetacupofcoffee3.(2014河南)—Excuse,canyoutellme____？—Sorry,Idon't.Youcangototheinformationdesk.A.thatthereisatrainB.whenthetrainleavesC.whichtraincanItakeD.wheredoesthetraingo4.(2013河南)—MissLee,Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaid.Couldyoutellme____again?—OK!A.whatshouldwetakeB.whereshallwemeetC.whenwewouldstartD.howwewillgetthere5.(2017咸宁中考)—Excuseme,canyoutellme________？—Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.WhynotsearchtheInternetforinformation?A．howdoessmog(雾霾)comeintobeingB．wherethenationalspacestationliesC．whyaretigersbecomingfewernowD．howmanyyearsdidtheQinempirelast6.(2017襄阳中考)—Whatdidthemanageraskyouafterthemeeting?—Sheaskedme________．A．whatIdofortheprojectlastweekB．ifcanIfinishtheworkontimeC．howdidIdealwiththeproblemD．whyIwaslateforthemeeting7.(2017涿州一模)—Couldyoutellme________．—Readingnewspapers.A．whatyouaredoingB．whereyouaregoingC．howyouaregoingtolibraryD．whyyouarelikereading8.(2017石家庄18县联考)—Couldyoutellme________．—Thedayaftertomorrow，Ithink.A．whenwillyouvisitB．whenyouwillvisitC．whenyouwouldvisitD．whenwouldyouvisit9.(石家庄新华中考模拟)—Couldyoutellme________tomorrow?—Shanghai.A．howtheyareplayingB．whattheyaredoingC．wheretheyaregoingD．iftheyareflyingthere10.(升学三模)—Iwonder________．—Theyarefriendlyandeasytotakecareof.A．whypeoplekeeppetdogsB．whenpeoplewalkpetdogsC．howpeoplekeeppetdogsD．wherepeoplebuypetdogs11.(2016裕华中考模拟)—Couldyoutellme________fortravelingthissummer?—WeplantogoandseethebeautifulseainSanya.A．whereyourfamilywillgoB．howwillyourfamilygoC．howyourfamilywillgoD．wherewillyourfamilygoKeys:1-5DCBDB6-10DABCA11A考点定语从句(★★★)在复合句中充当定语的句子称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。That'sthethingthatIwouldtellyou.这就是我要告诉你的事情。↓↓↓先行词引导词从句定语从句的引导词主要分为：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why1.关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose(1)Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatoftencomeshere?你认识经常来这里的那个女孩吗？(指人，作主语)(2)He'stheboy(who/that/whom)Italkedwithjustnow.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。(指人，作宾语)(3)What'sthenameoftheboywhosefatherisadoctor?父亲是名医生的那个男孩的名字是什么？(指人，作定语)(4)Mybrotherlikesthebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyMarkTwain.我弟弟喜欢马克·吐温写的书。(指物，作主语)(5)It'sanicegift(which/that)youboughtforme.你给我买了个很好看的礼物。(指物，作宾语)(6)Thisismyroomwhosedoorisred.这个红色门的房间是我的。(指物，作定语)2.关系代词的特殊用法(1)只用关系代词that的情况：①先行词是不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing,all,little,few,some,none等时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能为你效劳吗？②先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.这正是我在找的那本书。③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI'vewritteninJapanese.这是我用日语写的第一封信。④先行词既指人又指物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.他们谈论了他们拜访过的教师和学校。⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那边的那位男士是谁？(2)只用关系代词who的情况：①先行词是one,anyone,everyone,all,none,those等时。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillberespected.有良好礼节的人会受到人们的尊重。②当先行词指人且有较长的后置定语时。ImetaforeignerinthestreetwhocouldspeakChinesewell.我在街上遇到一位可以把中文说得很好的外国人。3．关系副词的用法类别用法when在定语从中作时间状语，其先行词是year,season,day等。where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是place，school,room等。why在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词为thereason。(1)Ineverforgotthedaywhenwemetintheairport.我永远不会忘记在飞机场我们见面的那一天。(2)Heislookingforaplacewheretreescangrowinwater.他正在找一个树可以生长在水里的地方。(3)Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewasabsenttoday?你知道他今天没来的原因吗？【解题技巧】“三看”原则：一看指人还是物；二看句中作何用(所作成分)；三看是否属特殊。【考点抢测】1.(2017河南)Ihatethedogs____liveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.w